2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF TRANSLATION 2.1 Definition of Translation
According to Brislin 1976 quoted by Nababan 1999:19 translation is general term which refer to transferring of idea or concept from a source
language into target language. Then, Nida and Taber 1982 in Widyamartaya 1989:11 state that translating consists in reproducing in the receptor
language the closest natural equivalence of a source language message, firstly in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.
It can be concluded that the key in translation is equivalence, that is congruence in meaning between text in source language and text in target
language. The equivalence involves equivalence in linguistic and non- linguistic context of situation and culture unsures.
2.2 The Process of Translation
According to Nida and Taber 1974 in Machali 2000 there are three steps in process of translation : 1 analysis to comprehend the text; 2
transferring transferring the language; and 3 adaptation into factors in the target language. And according to Suryawininata 1987: 80 quoted by
Nababan 1999: 25, process of translation is in three steps: 1 analysis of source language text; 2 transferring of meaning; and 3 restructuring. The
three steps which proposed by Suryawininata is showed in the following draft:
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Analysis Restructuring
▼ TrTtttttt
▼ ▲
▲
▼ ▼
Comprehension 1
Evaluation and Revision 3
Suryawininata 1987: 80 in Nababan1999: 25
1 Analysis of Source Language Text The analysis is done by reading text to comprehend the meaning of
the text. This comprehension requires the understanding of linguistic and
extralinguistic unsures. Linguistic unsures refer to language unsures, the analysis is done in all of sorts of levels such as sentence, clause, phrase,
and word which are in the source language text. While extralinguistic unsures are related to socio-cultural of source language.
2 Transferring of Meaning After grasping the meaning and structures of source language, the
next step is transfer the content, meaning or message which are in source language into target language. The translator is demanded to find the
equivalence of source language words in target language. This process is mind process, it takes place in translator’s mind.
Source language
text
Content meaning
message MIND PROCESS
Transferring
Equivalence 2
Content, Meaning,
Message Content,
Meaning, Message
Target language
text
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3 Restructuring
Restructuring is the change of tranferring process to be stilistic form which match the target language, reader, or listener Kridalaksana,
1984 in Nababan, 1999. In this step, the translator is demanded to decide what language style that appropriate to the type of translated text. Also, the
translator has to notice to whom this translation for.
2.3 The Principles in Translation
