GENDER COVERSATIONAL STYLE OF THE PRESENTERS OF EIGHT ELEVEN TALK SHOW ON METRO TV.

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GENDER CONVERSATIONAL STYLE OF THE

PRESENTERS OF EIGHT ELEVEN TALK SHOW ON METRO

TV

A Thesis

Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Magister Humaniora

By:

YULIASARI HARAHAP Registration Number: 8116112021

ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM

POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

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ABSTRACT

Harahap, Yuliasari. Gender Conversational Style of The Presenters of Eight Eleven Show on Metro TV. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School, State University of Medan, 2015.

This study investigates gender conversational style of the presenters of eight eleven talk show on Metro TV. The objectives of the study are : (1) to know the features of conversational styles are used by male and female presenters in conversation in Eight eleven TV show, (2) to describe how presenters male and female used conversational style in eight eleven TV show, and (3) to describe why reason male and female presenters use differently style in eight eleven TV. The method of this study is descriptive qualitative research through documentary technique. The data were taken from download the video from you tube, and the researcher used data record as an instrument. These data (utterances of male and female presenters) had been transcribed into written text. The data were analyzed by using interactive technique by Miles and Huberman (1994). This research has drawn the following result.(1) there are five types of feature conversational style was identified from eight eleven talk show; they are amount of talk, interruption, conversation support, and compliment. (2) male presenters are able to communicate by female like strategies, and vice versa female speakers are able to communicate by male like strategies. (3) Male and female presenters used style differently, because they have different characteristic in communication.

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ABSTRAK

Harahap, Yuliasari. Gender dan gaya percakapan pembawa acara Eight eleven talk show dalam program Metro TV. Sebuah Tesis. Program Studi Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Univeritas Negeri Medan, 2015.

Penelitian ini menyelediki gender dan gaya percakapan dari pembawa acara Eight eleven talkshow di Metro TV. Sasaran dalam penelitian ini adalah : (1) untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri gaya bahasa yang digunakan oleh pembawa acara laki-laki dan perempuan dalam percakapannya di stasiun TV talkshow, (2) untuk menjelaskan bagaimana pembawa acara laki-laki dan perempuan menggunakan gaya percakapan di Eight eleven talk show, (3) untuk menjelaskan alasan mengapa presenter laki-laki dan perempuan menggunakan gaya percakapan yang berbeda di Eight eleven talk show. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskritif kualitatif melalui teknik dokumentari. Data diambil dengan cara mengunduh video dari youtube dan peneliti menggunakan data record sebagai instrument penelitian. Data-data tersebut (ujaran-ujaran dari pembawa acara laki-laki dan perempuan) telah ditranskripkan dalam bentuk tulisan. Data kemudian dianalisa dengan cara menggunakan interaktif teknik oleh Miles and Huberman. Penelitian ini dapat digambarkan dengan hasil sebagai berikut: (1) ada 5 jenis cirri-ciri gaya percakapan yg diidentifikasi di eigth eleven talk show; yaitu amount of talk, interruption, conversation support, tentativeness dan compliment, (2) pembawa acara laki-laki dapat berkomunikasi layaknya strategi wanita berkomunikasi didalam talk show begitupun sebaliknya pembawa acara wanita berkomunikasi seperti strategi laki-laki berkomunikasi, (3) presenter laki-laki dan perempuan menggunakan ujaran gaya yg berbeda karena mereka memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dalam berkomunikasi.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to extend writer’s endless gratitude to Allah SWT who has given me strength to finish this thesis as one of the requirements to gather the Degree of Magister Humaniora.

Another gratitude is honourably given to the writer’s great thesis supervisors Prof. Dr. Sumarsih, M.Pd and Dr. I Wayan Dirgayasa Tangkas, M.Pd for their time spent for guiding the writer in order to result an outstanding scientific writing in the purpose of fulfilling the writer’s requirement for Degree of Magister Humaniora.

The writer also would like to acknowledge Prof. Dr. Busmin Gurning, M.Pd as the head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr.Sri Minda Murni, M.S as the secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program in the State University of Medan for their support in order to encourage the writer in finalizing this thesis.

She would like also to extend most sincere gratitude to her beloved parents H. Zainuddin Harahap and Hj. Rosnani Damanik for giving support, care prayers, love and advice. Their patience, support, care, love, prayers and advice have been spirit to complete this thesis.

The writer also would like to thank her lovely husband Fajar Astriaji for his support, patience, love, prayers and great patience at all times. It would not have been possible for the writer to finish this thesis without his support.

The writer also would like to express her gratitude to all of her postgraduate school fellows for their friendship and support. Her appreciation is also dedicated to her beloved sisters and brother Afrina Harahap, Am.keb., Yuanita Harahap, SH.,M.Hum, Milana Harahap, SE and M. Amin Kurniawan Harahap, SH. A sincere gratitude to

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thank to all buddies and persons who have willingly helped the writer till the writer can finish writing this thesis completely and especially to all the staffs at Universitas Muslim Nusantara who have willingly supported and cooperated. The writer concsciously knows that she has a boundary in mentioning all of you, who taken part in her thesis’s completion except her great prayer and wish, may you all succeed.

Finally, the writer is aware of this thesis is far from being perfect. Therefore, she had been high appreciation for all constructive critics for its improvement.

Medan, June 2015

Yulia Sari Harahap Reg.Number 8116112021

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ... i

LIST OF TABLES ... iii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of the Study ... 6

1.3 The Objective of the Study ... 6

1.4 The Scope of the Study ... 6

1.5 The Significance of the Study ... 7

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Theoretical Framework ... 8

2.1.1 The Relationship of Gender to Sex and Sexuality ... 9

2.1.2 Gender as activity and relation ... 10

2.1.3 The Characteristics of males and females speech ... 10

2.1.4 Six differences of men and women in communication... 12

2.1.5 Growing up male and female ... 13

2.2 Conversational style ... 15

2.2.1 Turn taking ... 17

2.2.2 The feature of conversational style ... 18

2.2.3 Conversational signal and devices ... 20

2.3 Talk show ... 22

2.3.1 Defining Talk show ... 23

2.3.2 The Characteristic features of talk show... 24

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2.3.4 Talk show host ... 27

2.4 Relevant studies ... 28

2.5 Conceptual Framework ... 29

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 The Research Method ... 31

3.2 Object of Research ... 31

3.3 Data and Data source ... 32

3.4 Techniques of Data Collection... 33

3.5 The Trustworthiness of the study ... 33

3.6 The Techniques of data analysis………. 37

CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Data Analysis ... 39

4.1.1 The features of conversational style used in Eight eleven talk show ... 40

4.1.1.1 The features of Amount of talk ... 41

4.1.1.2 The features of Interruption ... 48

4.1.1.3 The features of conversation support ... 55

4.1.1.4 The features of Tentativeness ……… 61

4.1.1.5 The features of Compliment... ... 63

4.1.2. The way conversational style are used by male and female presenter are realized in the talk show news ... 65

4.1.3 The reason of male and female presenters use style differently in Eight eleven talk show news ………. 78

4.2 Findings ……….. 82

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BAB V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion ... 86

5.2 Suggestion ... 87

REFERENCES ... 88

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LIST OF TABLES

Table 2.1 The characteristics of male’s and female’s language. ... 11

Table 2.2 Six differences of communication between men and women. ... 12

Table 2.3 The characteristics of male and female in socialize life. ... 14

Table 2.4 The features of conversational styles ... 19

Table 3.1 List the selected topics ... 33

Table 3.2 Summary of techniques for establishing Trustworthiness ... 34

Table 4.1 Amount of talk features used by male and female presenters on talk show…… 41

Table 4.2 Interruption features used by male and female presenters………… 48

Table 4.3 Conversation support used by male and female presenters……… . 54

Table 4.4 Tentativeness features by male and female presenters……… 59

Table 4.5 Compliment features used by male and female presenters………… 61

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LIST OF APPENDIXES

Appendixes A The transcribes of video part 1 ………87

Appendixes B The transcribes of video part 2 ………94

Appendixes C The transcribes of video part 3………102

Appendixes D The transcribes of video part 4………110

Appendixes E The transcribes of video part 5 ………113

Appendixes F The name of presenter in Eight eleven talk show On Metro TV………124

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CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1.Background of the Study

Communication is one of the central difficulties skill to master in speaking. However, everybody absolutely communicates along in his life. Communication is the process of transmitting meaningful symbols between individuals (William in Hikmat, 2010). It refers to the way of reaching others by transmitting ideas, facts, thoughts, feelings, and values. It means that everybody must have the main control to express one’s desires, beliefs, attitudes, behavior and in social condition.

There are three significant components in communication. They are the speaker, listener and the message. It can be inferred that communication is the human activity to understand the message between the communicator (speaker) and the communicant (listener) and the result of it is to get the effectiveness of their understanding.

In a communication a speaker and a hearer on the conversation are supposed to respond each other in their turn and exchange with the needed information that benefit both of them (Crowley and Mitchell, 1994). By giving the right information, they can get the message to each other and their communication will be good. But, in fact not all the speaker’s utterances in the conversation can be understood by the listener well. Sometimes communication is not always intentional. People who live around us or the people who get the message will interpret and give the meaning to our symbolic behavior, but there are no guarantees that we and the people who get the message will interpret the same meaning in the same way, sometimes it is the opposite.

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Communication cannot separated by gender identity. Siahaan as quoted by nurlela and Fatimah which is found in Widyazati (2012:701) defines gender is a term used as a categorical division of human into male and female. In the way of talking there is a significant difference found between men and women. As Nurlela and Fatimah found in Widyazati (2012:702) quotes from Holmes (1994:1) that women and men have different ways of talking and hence, of realizing and interpreting speech acts. She points out that women and men use language in a different way because they have different perceptions of what the language is for.

All of us have different styles of communicating with other people. Our style depends on a lot of things like where we come from, our educational background, age and also our gender. Generally, men and women talk differently although there are varying degrees of masculine and feminine speech characteristic in each of them. But men and women speak in particular ways mostly because those ways are associated with their gender. Recently, much less attention has been focused on individual words used by male and female and more their conversational style.

In line with what Huffaker and Calvert find in their research, Link and Kreuz (1999:9) also show through the finding of their research that male used more non literal language in descriptions of others’ emotion towards the negative emotions than positive one, while females used more in descriptions of their own emotions and showed no difference in describing positive and negative emotions. It indicates that men and women talk differently because they are raised in something like two different gender. Men tend to speak up what they are feeling and thinking instead of keeping it by themselves, while women prefers saving face by not telling the truth of what they are feeling and thinking.

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As the research done by Hannah (1999:153) shows that the results revealed subtle differences in how men and men responded to the behavior of confederates. In this study the researcher examined the relative impact of gender and speech style on conversant speech behavior, female and male confederates were trained to employ a facilitative or a non facilitative style of speech in interactions with young adults. Analysis of participants conversations with confederates showed that confederate speech style, rather than confederate gender was more reliable predictor of participants speech behavior.

Research done by Matei (2011:217) shows in all the conversations that are recorded, it is noticed that male talk is dominated by interruptions. If a speaker talk in narrative, it is very difficult for him to actually finish it without numerous interruptions which are not aimed at clarifying something of vital importance for ensuing discourse. In addition, Romaine (1994:81) mentions that a man may talk recklessly of lots bargains, lots of money, lots of fellows, lots of fun, but a lady may not.

As Matei (2011:218) quotes from Tannen that feminine language is oriented towards connection and intimacy whereas masculine speech style is mainly focused of status and independence. As shown by the following dialogue which is taken from Matei’s research that there are two female students, Madalina (23 years old) and Anda (21).

1. Mada : What about the guy who entered your room yesterday, was he a colleague of yours?

2. Anda : Ye:s he: is my buddy, I can say that he’s my buddy and I hired him there 3. Mada : U::: so you’re a very important person there

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4. Anda : Yeah Yeah. My boss is my boyfriend now (laughing) 5. Mada : OH!

6. Anda : [Ye:ah]

From the example given above, we can see that Anda as a female can not say her secret about her boyfriend, Anda prefer to saving her face for not telling the truth differ from male talk as what he is thinking.

Six differences of communication between male and female speakers can be seen based on the conversation of talk show on Metro TV :

Male participant : Menganggap bahwa penyelamatan hewan ini tidak perlu dan kami orang-orang yang kurang kerjaan , jadi eee……apa yang harusnya bisa bekerjasama ini kita jadi agak sulit misalnya disaat kita membutuhkan …e…lebih cepat sampai kedaratan kita ada motorpun kita mintaaa….e….cantel supaya ikut beriringan itu kita gak dikasi ketika ada wartawan beberapa oknum ini dengan senang hati terima….

Male presenter : Jadi misalnya kalo tidak ada wartawan kalian temen-temen yang…

Male participant : tetap dayung sampai encok… dayung…

In these dialogue male participant is expressed independence, because he focuses on what he can do, on the other hand male presenter is uttered order for doing direct imperative in his communication.

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Male presenter : wow… saking hausnya… mbak, ngomong-ngomong soal… apa namanya anjing yang sakit setelah banjir… setelah musibah banjir bagaimana kita cara mengatasinya…

Female participant : tergantung dari apa dulu dia… Male presenter : ok, misalnya dehidrasi terlebih dahulu

Female participant : Ok, dehidrasi jadi pertama kita gak bias langsung memberikan air terus menerus ya…gak boleh … gak boleh seperti itu kita harus bertahap secara sedikit karena e…apa yaaa… kita akan menimbulkan penyakit yang lainnya lagi karena dia dalam kondisi yang drop.

In these dialogues male presenter is expressed proposal, because he did not directly go to the point of discussion when he asks for information about “musibah banjir”, on the other hand female participant is uttered advice, because she tends to express advice for doing complaint.

From the utterances of male and female presenters and participant above, it can be conclude that male presenter and male participant is able to communicate by female strategies, on the other hand female presenters and female participant is able to communicate by male strategies.

Based on those elaboration above, the writer feels interested in studying this problem by focuses on conversational style of the presenters of eight eleven show on Metro TV. In this case the researcher focuses on the features of conversational style are used male and female presenters in talk show news, to find out how conversational style are used by male and female presenters delivered in talk show, and why they use differently style in talk show.

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1.2. The Problem of the Study

The Problems of the study must be clearly stated so that the objectives of the study can be well determined. Based on the background, the problems are formulated as the follow :

1. What are the features of conversational style used by male and female presenters in the talk show news?

2. How are conversational style used by male and female presenters realized in the talk show news?

3. Why do they use different style the way they do?

1.3.The Objective of the Study

Based on the problems of study above, the objectives of study are :

1. To know the features of conversational style used by male and female presenters in conversation in eight eleven TV show

2. To find out how conversational style used by male and female presenters delivered in eight eleven TV show.

3. To describe why males and females presenters use differently style in eight eleven TV show

1.4. The Scope of the Study

This study is limited on the utterances with the features of conversational style according to Swann (2000:225) are used by male and female presenters in “eight eleven TV show program on METRO TV. On the other hand, according to Tannen (1992) there are six differences in communication between men and women such as status

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versus support, independence versus intimacy, advice versus understanding, information versus feeling, orders versus proposals and conflict versus compromise. In this case, this study limited on different ways of communication used by male and female presenters.

1.5The Significances of the Study

The significances of this study is divided in to two, theoretical and practical significances. Theoretically, it is expected that the findings of the study can give much contribution to applied linguistics particularly language and gender which can be used as a reference for the similar studies in the future, especially the studies which discuss gender conversational style in the talk show.

Practically, it is expected that the findings can be useful for the guiding information for the reader. And for information and idea for other researcher is who want to carry out further study on gender conversational style. And also the guidance for participants is to increase the sensitivity in practicing an effective cooperation and development to conversational style and sociolinguistics.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1Conclusions

By referring to the data analysis, findings and discussions which are elaborated in the previous chapter, these following conclusions are drawn:

1. Those five types of feature conversational style was identified and found 5 feature was found successfully from the eight eleven talk show; they are amount of talk , interruption , conversation support, compliment. Based on the data of the features of conversational style used by female presenters are higher in using amount of talk and conversational support than male presenter do in the talk show news. Meanwhile male are higher in using interruption and compliment than female do.

2. The different ways of communication between male and female presenters in Eight eleven talk show program on metro TV conclude that the male presenters are able to communicate by female like strategies. And then vice versa female speakers are able to communicate by male like strategies in this talk show. 3. Male and female presenters are used by style differently in the talk show news, it

is because male and female presenters have different characteristic in social life, and these characteristic have affected them to be having different style in doing communication.

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5.2 Suggestions

In relation to conclusions which have been state previously, some constructive points are suggested as the following:

1. In relation with the finding in this study, it is suggested to the student who want to study about sociolinguistic branch above all in mastering the characteristics of male and female speakers in making the interaction.

2. It is suggested for other researcher, who want to elaborate the study about gender differences and conversational style in other field.

3. It is suggested for readers to develop the theory of gender conversational style in due to the interaction in other field.

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