Definition of Terms INTRODUCTION

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F. Definition of Terms

This section is to define the important terms used in this research such as perception, media, video in learning English, narrative text, and class XII IPA 3 of SMA N 10 Yogyakarta. It will prevent misunderstanding about the terms used in this study. 1. Perception According to Lindsay and Norman 2007, perception is the process by which organisms interpret and organize sensation to produce a meaningful experience of the world. On the other hand, better describes ones ultimate experience of the world and typically involves further processing of sensory input. In practice, sensation and perception are virtually impossible to separate, because they are part of one continuous process. In this study, perception is defined as the way the subject interpret and describe their thinking. Furthermore, Vernon 1971 also adds that perception is never instantaneous, the process of perception will develop gradually. The subjects will not immediately give their perceptions without any process, but they will do it gradually by following the steps of getting their perceptions. In this study, the organism is the students, and they have to be able to interpret video in learning narrative text. The students’ perception on the use of media like video is helping the teacher in giving the materials easily because by knowing the students’ perception, the teacher will know what the students expect in the process of learning activity. This research will be focused on the students’ perception on the use of video as media in learning narrative text. 7 2. Media According to Richards 2012, media which is the plural form of medium is simply means communication. Then, people communicate with each other by using several kinds of media like televisiom, news, journalist, etc. From that explanation, it can be seen that media is a tool or instrument in three-dimension that can be used to achieve a certain purpose. For language teaching activity, there are a lot of media that can be used. This study will be focused on one of the media, that is video. 3. Video in Learning English Skerrit 1984 says that video is not considered in a vacuum, detached from the learning task and the learner. It is seen as a medium by which specific educational objectives can be achieved under certain appropriate conditions. In this study, video refers to a video materials about narrative text. The video is intended to give better materials in learning by watching the images on the video. By knowing the perception of the use of video as media, the teacher will be able to give what the students wants from the teaching and learning activity. 4. Narrative Text Polkinghorne 1988 asserts that narrative text is the fundamental scheme for linking individual human actions and events into interrelated aspects of an understandable composite. It displays the significance that events have for one another. By significant events, the readers will get better understanding about the content of the narrative text. 8 Furthermore, Edwards and Willis 2002 add that narrative text is a word often associated with the sophisticated world of literary fiction or oral tradition; however, more mundane narratives form an important part of our daily conversation. Through narrative text, people rationalize their experiences, creating a coherent sense of self a life story. In this study narrative text is a kind of materials formed as a story that contain some characters and have a storyline. This narrative text is taught in senior high school level, according to the Indonesian education system. To be focused, the kind of narrative text that would be tested in this study is a fairytale. The fairytale is chosen because a lot of students are familiar about it; by using familiar topic, it will make the researcher knows whether the use of video influences them or not. The narrative text would be presented in audio-visual way. 5. Class XII IPA 3 of SMA N 10 Yogyakarta XII IPA 3 is one of the classes of SMA N 10 Yogyakarta. It consists of 16 male students and 18 female students. This is the third grade of senior high school level. Based on the observation done in researcher’s practice teaching before, XII IPA 3 is one of the classes that have difficulty in learning narrative text. They thought that learning narrative text was difficult. They needed more time to learn some tasks. When they studied listening, they would ask to play the recording more than two times. Therefore, the researcher wants to know the students’ perception if they are using video as media in learning narrative text. In this research, the researcher did not take the IPS classes as the subjects because the researcher got the chance to do this study in IPA classes. 9

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE