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1. Listening Materials
Listening is a demanding process, not only because of the complexity of the process itself, but also due to factors that characterize the listener, the speaker,
the content of the message, and any visual support that accompany the message Brown Yule, 1983. The listening material is a set of materials which is used
by teachers to teach the English language through listening in order to improve students’ listening skill.
2. Task-based language teaching
According to Nunan 2004: 1, task based language teaching is a need based approach which focuses on the content selection and emphasizes on the
learning through interaction in the target language. The writer uses task based as an approach to develop learning tasks in designing the listening materials.
3. The seventh grade students
The seventh grade students are the first year students of Junior High school. For some students of this grade, this is the first time they learn English
because they did not get any English materials in elementary school. It is important for the students to start learning English through listening from the first
year of junior high school to make them accustomed to listening activities.
4. SMPN 2 Yogyakarta
SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta is a public school which is located at Jl. P. Senopati No. 28-30 Yogyakarta. The school applies school-based curriculum
2006. In this school, English is taught 6x40 minutes each week. The school has proper facilities to support listening in learning language.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with theories related to this study. This chapter consists of two parts namely, the theoretical description and the theoretical framework.
A. Theoretical Description
This section discusses the theories of the instructional design, the listening skill, the task-based language teaching, and the school-based curriculum.
1. Instructional Design
Developing a set of listening materials needs a system of instructional program to be followed. In this study, the writer applies Kemp’s design in
developing the listening materials. Kemp’s method can be applied in any educational level therefore this is a
suitable method for the writer to develop the listening materials. Kemp offers instructional technology which means the systematic design of instruction, based
on knowledge of the learning process and on communication theory, taking into consideration as many factors and variables of the particular situation as possible,
so that successful learning will result Kemp, 1977, p. 7. According to Kemp 1977, there are three essential elements of
instructional technology p. 8. They are what must be learned? objectives, what procedures and resources will work best to reach the desired learning levels?
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