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D. Research Instruments and Data Gathering Technique
The instrument which was used to collect and analyze the data was the human investigator. Here the researcher became the planner, data collector, data
analyzer, and data reporter. Moleong also states that the researcher is directly and personally involved in the research which is conducted 2004, p. 56. Moreover,
Ary et al. 2010 add: Qualitative inquiry relies on fieldwork methods interviewing, observation,
and document analysis as the principal means of collecting data. It can be done by talking with people in setting, observing their activities, reading
their documents and written records, and recording the information in the field notes and journals p. 424.
Therefore, the research used a written verbatim of 12 Years a Slave movie‘s
transcript retrieved from www.screenplaydb.comfilmscripts12yearsaslave.pdf. The researcher also used the movie to observe and to see the atmosphere in it. It
was important to see whether or not the environment around the characters in the movie also influenced the way they speak and act. The researcher provides the
data sheet as the second instrument to categorize the dialogues which contain swear words. It will make easier for the researcher to list down the swear words.
The data sheet was in the form of table for presenting two matters which became the focus of the study, i.e. the types of swear words and the purposes of using
swear words. The format of the data sheet is illustrated in the table below. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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Table 3.1 Types of Swear Words and Purposes of Using Swear Words in 12 Years a Slave Movie
No. Data
Types Purposes
Speaker Explanation
Dialogue Swear
words E P V O T
C A
T D
T P
T C
I I
T P
C
1. Mistress Epps:
No other. Sell her
Mr. Epps : I will not Mistress Epps: You
will remove that black bitch
from this
property...or Ill take myself
back to
Cheneyville.
Bitch White
Mistress Epss thinks
that her husband
has an affair with Patsey.
Thus, she
swears bitch at
Patsey. The purpose
of swearing is to create
identification because her
behavior
is like a bitch.
Types of Swear Words Purposes of Using Swear Words
Battistella, 2005 Rothwell, 1973
E : Epithet P : Profanity
V : Vulgarity O : Obscenity
TCA : To Create Attention TD : To Discredit
TP : To Provoke TCII :To Create Interpersonal Identification
PC : To Provide Catharsis
In gathering the data, the researcher used some steps. First of all, the step was watching 12 Years a Slave movie. It was necessary to have the background
knowledge of the story, the attitude of the characters, and the setting of the movie. Besides, the researcher needed the process to know whether or not the movie
35 contained the sufficient data that might help the researcher to answer the research
problems. The second step was downloading the transcript of 12 Years a Slave movie.
This step was needed to help the researcher have the accurate dialogues of the movie and make sure that the researcher was not wrong in understanding the
dialogues through the characters‘ utterances.
The next step was re-watching the movie to obtain better understanding about the story line and checking the accuracy of the movie transcript. In this step,
the researcher marked the dialogue containing swear words in the movie transcript. After being marked, each swear word was categorized based on the
types of swear words and the purposes of using swear words. The dialogues which did not contain swear words were omitted.
E. Data Analysis Technique