Reviews of Related Literature
K.T Strongman from the University of Canterbury was also conducting a research entitled Theories of Anxiety. In his research, it is stated that anxiety and fears
can be distinguish by its object. The object has various different kinds to make anxiety or fear to be occurred. Though anxiety is always associated with unpleasant emotion,
anxiety can also become a motivation for individual to make some progress. Those statements can be found as follows:
A further conclusion is that there seems to be general agreement amongst most of the theories that anxiety can be distinguished from fear or fright in that the
object of the latter is ‘external’, ‘real’, ‘known’, or ‘objective’. Anxiety is characterized by its genesis being, yet again, uncertain to the individual.
Moreover, although anxiety is clearly a negative, unpleasant emotion, it is motivating, can become associated with a wide range of new stimuli or events,
and appears to be an inevitable or even in some views an essential part of the human condition 1995:9.
A research about anxiety was also conducted by N. Derakshan M.W. Eysenck from the European Psychologist, it is stated that it is important to utilize tasks that are
relatively simple conceptually complex task. The performance of conceptually complex tasks typically involves several different forms of processing, making it
exceptionally difficult to identify which process or processes are most affected by anxiety. Several different tasks are not always mostly affected by anxiety, so that it
should be carefully examined. Based on N. Derakshan M.W. Eysenck, anxiety will affect one individual in doing action, but one should be underlined is that not all of
those actions are influenced by anxiety. Different action influenced by different mood, atmosphere, and different surrounding as well.
As in the processing efficiency theory, anxiety can serve a motivating function and changes in the components of anxiety can have positive or negative affect as in
reversal theory. The combination of these two forces can make anxiety hill-shaped in its components, leading to an inverted relationship with respect to effort and expected
performance. The expected performance in taking decision to do several actions are part of positive effect of the anxiety. Good effect brings motivation so that it creates a
new spirit to fight while bad effect bring nothing to increase performance. This statement can be found below.
As in the processing efficiency theory, anxiety can serve a motivating function and changes in the components of anxiety can have positive or negative “affect”
as in reversal theory. The combination of these two forces can make anxiety hill-shaped in its components, leading to an inverted relationship with respect
to effort and expected performance Rauh Seccia, 2006:24.
Another study conducted by Palupi on her final project entitled Wo men’s Fear
of Independence in Colette Dowling’s The Cinderella Complex. In her research, she stated that women are part of individual on the community. Individual fear are rooted
from the way parent rearing their children and the community norms and values are related. Parents do not train their children to experience fear and the result is that
individual feel fear of everything because individual doesn’t have experience about it. Individual are forced to believe that they will be protected forever till die and when
they lost the savior individual becomes afraid of anything. The anxiety are causing fear to one individual. Anxiety and fear are associated one to another.
Those researches conducted by several experts related to the topic of this study. Anxiety which influenced the existence of one individual on the society will be
analyzed using the psychoanalysis in order to observe how and why one individual takes action and reaction in order to draw his existence on the society. This individual
existence on the society which affected by anxiety will be the main concern of this final project.