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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
The second chapter presents the theory underlying the topic of the study. This chapter consists of three sub-chapters. First, it talks about the previous studies held by several
researchers, second is the theoretical background and the third is the theoretical frameworks.
2.1 Reviews of Related Literature
In this sub-chapter, the writer would like to present some researches dealing with the anxiety and psychoanalysis. A research about psychoanalysis entitled What Does
Psychoanalysis Have to Learn from Existentialism? Stated that agreement of theory
under patient is the worst fear, what clarified as a truth within human being is only a standard to justify the delusion. This standard was used in order to confirm the theories
by the experts without examine what is within individual. Those caused by many factors such as the constant superego of being standardize individual. The lines can be
found as follows: Sometimes our theories unintentionally confirm rather than deconstruct the
patients worst fears: that he has within him a barely controlled, dangerous, antisocial beast; or that he has a fragmentation-prone self; that there remains a
deprived or abused child within him; or even that he is the victim of a sadistic superego. On one level there may be an element of truth in all these ideas, but
such truth can often be used to justify what amounts to a delusion Carveth 2009:50.
K.T Strongman from the University of Canterbury was also conducting a research entitled Theories of Anxiety. In his research, it is stated that anxiety and fears
can be distinguish by its object. The object has various different kinds to make anxiety or fear to be occurred. Though anxiety is always associated with unpleasant emotion,
anxiety can also become a motivation for individual to make some progress. Those statements can be found as follows:
A further conclusion is that there seems to be general agreement amongst most of the theories that anxiety can be distinguished from fear or fright in that the
object of the latter is ‘external’, ‘real’, ‘known’, or ‘objective’. Anxiety is characterized by its genesis being, yet again, uncertain to the individual.
Moreover, although anxiety is clearly a negative, unpleasant emotion, it is motivating, can become associated with a wide range of new stimuli or events,
and appears to be an inevitable or even in some views an essential part of the human condition 1995:9.
A research about anxiety was also conducted by N. Derakshan M.W. Eysenck from the European Psychologist, it is stated that it is important to utilize tasks that are
relatively simple conceptually complex task. The performance of conceptually complex tasks typically involves several different forms of processing, making it
exceptionally difficult to identify which process or processes are most affected by anxiety. Several different tasks are not always mostly affected by anxiety, so that it
should be carefully examined. Based on N. Derakshan M.W. Eysenck, anxiety will affect one individual in doing action, but one should be underlined is that not all of
those actions are influenced by anxiety. Different action influenced by different mood, atmosphere, and different surrounding as well.