ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of study
Literature as a sore of arts was in human civilization since thousand years ago. Literature presence among human civilization couldn’t be denied. Moreover, it could
be accepted as one of cultural realities. Literature is a performance in words, it strongly holds our attention, seeming
compete in itself, it is not only primarily regarded as a source of factual information; it offers a unique satisfaction. Furthermore, literature does not only have common-
written characterization, but also it offers satisfaction for literature-lover. This is the reason why the reader does not only comprehend and understand the reading text of
literary work, but also the reader can get benefit from literature if they analyze as far as possible. A literary-lover can interpret sense of literary work from the science or
the knowledge they have such as: psychology, sociology, economy, or physiology. A literary work can be classified into some types such as: poetry, prose, short
story, fiction, play or drama, film or movie etc. film is recognized as a unique and powerful art form on a par with painting, sculpture, music, literature and drama. Film
employs the compositional elements of the visual arts: line, form, mass, volume, and texture. Like painting and photography, film exploits the subtle interplay of light and
shadow. Like sculpture, film manipulates three-dimensional space. But, like pantomime, film focuses on moving images, and as in dance, the moving images in
x film have rhythm. The complex rhythms of film resemble those of music and poetry,
and like poetry in particular, film communicates through imagery, metaphor and symbol. Like drama, film communicates visually and verbally: visually, through
action and gesture; verbally, through dialogue. Finally, like the novel, film expands or compresses time and space, traveling back and forth freely within their wide borders.
1
Film is unlimited subject that is contains the properties which are the simultaneous and continuous interplay of images, sounds, and movements on the
screen make film become the most powerful and realistic of the arts. Not in its choice of subject but also in approach to that material. A film’s mood and treatment can
range from the lyric to the epic. In point of view, a film can cover the fell spectrum from purely objective to the intensely subjective; in depth, it can focused on the
surface of realities and the purely sensual, or it can delve into the intellectual and philosophical matters. A film can look to the remote past or probe the distant future;
it can make a few second seems like hours or compress a century into minutes.
2
To evaluate a film, firstly we have to know intrinsic elements’ well which cover plot, character, point of view, tone, setting, and theme. Sometimes we found in
a film does not fulfill any 0f the intrinsic elements, it would make the audience feel confuse without presence of those elements.
In literature it is seldom enough merely to discuss what a character does, and it is simplistic to assert that an act completely defines the man who commits it. The
1
M. Boggs Joseph and W. Petrie Dennis, The Art Of Watching Films California: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2000 P. 2
2
Ibid. p. 3
xi writer must attempt to determine why a character performs in a given manners, as
well as the nature of his deeds. To understand the ‘why’ we must first attempt to re- create the emotional state that leads to the action; we must map out the mind.
By exploring character we can get the theme of the film and get conclusion. The character that describes the characterization of actor in play is very important in
the intrinsic element. In this film, it is told that John Grogan the columnist who has a wife Jenny, he and his wife Jenny Grogan are a young couple contemplating the life-
changing decision to have a baby. Then John tries to buy a dog. John gives the dog name Marley. Marley is an adorable, rambunctious Labrador pup who flunks
obedience school and quickly turns the Grogan household into disaster area. All characters in this film are interested to be analyzed deal with their personality traits
that has been shown in the film Marley and Me to get the theme of the play. Characters of the film talk about loving and caring each other. Because of that, the
writer tries to analyze characters as an understanding about love, care and how to nurture something. And between human and non-human have feeling to belong to
each other based on love. Marley and Me can be analyzed from psychological approach. The writer is
interested in psychological approach to analyze the characters by using Robert S. Feldman’s theory about the factors of the underlying of relationship.
xii Psychology lit. study of the soul or study of the mind is an academic and
applied discipline which involves the scientific study of human or animal mental functions and behaviors.
3
Psychology studies such topics as perception, cognition, attention, emotion, motivation, personality, behavior and interpersonal relationships. Some, especially
depth psychologists, also consider the unconscious mind. In addition or opposition to employing empirical and deductive methods, psychologists sometimes rely upon
symbolic interpretation and other inductive techniques. The writer uses the psychological approach because there is a bound
connection between human and non-human. Jenny Grogan is a woman who has a husband and a dog. She is really affective for her family, especially for her dog. And
she assumes that the dog she has like a friend and human-being. Comparative psychology stated:
“The possibility that behavior pattern peculiar to the dog-human relationships had been evolved through long human contact.”
4
From the statement above, we can see that the dog is an unusually interesting species, because of both its long association with man and the extension of its social
relationships to include the human. “Much of the social behavior of domestic dogs is elicited in relation to human
beings.”
5
3
www.wikipedia.com
4
Dewsbudry, Donald and Rethlingshafer, Dorothy A. Comparative Psychology: A Modern Survey.
Kogakusha, Japan: McGraw Hill, 1974 p.124
5
Ibid. p.125
xiii Seen out of its natural context, behavior is organized in relation to daily and
seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Based on the explanation above, in this research, the writer wants to analyze
Marley and Jenny Grogan by using factors underlying of the relationship’s of Robert S. Feldman to support the theme and the writer’s purposes to discover those deeper
meaning of the film through the theory.
B. Focus of the Study