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Speaking Achievement Speaking Skill in Foreign Language Classrooms

2.3.1 Speaking Achievement

In general, the term speaking can be defined as an interaction between two or more people to express their ideas or feelings. According to Bailey 2002:25, speaking is the productive or oral skill that consists of producing systematic verbal utterances to convey meaning. Further, he also defines speaking as an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing, receiving and processing information. According to Hughes 2003:114, there are many functions of speaking that deal with informational and interactional skills. One of the function is describing sequence of events. In this research, the students are expected to tell experience as the way describing sequence of events. In relation to achievement, Hughes 2003:12 defines that achievement relates to a test that is done to discover how successful students have been in achieving the objective of a course study. In this research, speaking achievement can be defined as a test to investigate how successful the eighth grade students’ speaking achievement in telling experiences by using Board Games. After the purpose of the test has been defined, the test construction needs to be considered. According to Luoma 2007:185, there are three approaches in defining the speaking construct for assessment. First, linguistic approach focuses on language forms that are seen in terms of vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and fluency. Second, communicative approach focuses on the activities that the examinees are asked to do and they may also be assessed in terms of linguistic criteria. Last, task-based approach defines the skills assessed in terms of the situations and roles simulated in the test. This approach is typical for specific purpose testing. In this research, the approach used are linguistic and communicative approaches because the researcher focuses on the content delivered and the language forms used by the students. Linguistic approach focuses on fluency, grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary whereas communicative approach focuses on content of speech.

2.3.2 The Aspects of Speaking

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