Definition of Translation Translation Process

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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter explains about theories and ideas which are relevant to the problems of the study.

2.1 Definition of Translation

According to Brislin 1976:1 definition of translation is that: Translation is the general term referring to the transfer of the thoughts and ideas from one language SL to another TL, whether the language is written or in oral form; whether the languages have established orthographies or do not have such standardization or whether one or both languages is based on signs, as with sign languages of the deaf. The form or style is not the main problem in translation. When we can understand the meaning of written text or spoken form, surely that we can deliver the message well. The result of translation is also the written message of statement in another language, a process of substituting a text in one language or a text in another language. And the other quotation comes from Bell 1991:13 who says that “Translation is the abstract concept which encompasses both the process of translating and the product of that process ”. From the the statement above, we can conclude that translation is a process of transfering the writer’s idea from source language into target language. The language here refers to the oral or written language. Translation does not only transfer the idea from different language but it can be the same language. In Translation text, the important aspect is the naturalness on the the source language. So the reader is unaware that they are reading a translation text. To translate any words or sentences, it needs to be processed by certain way. The translation process can be seen bellow.

2.2 Translation Process

Doing a translation cannot be done instanly, replacing word from SL into TL, but there are some processess on translation. According to Suryawininata 1987:80 in figure 2.2 below, the process of translation consists of three steps, they are analyzing the source language text, transferring the meaning of the source language into the target language and restructuring. 1. The analyzing step can be done by reading the source language text on order to comprehend the substance of a text. 2. Transferring the meaning of the source language into the target language can be defined as evaluation and revision activity on creating a good equivalence. 3. Restructuring the equivalence meaning which are appropriate to the target language text TLT, readers and listeners. Figure 2.2 Process of Translation Source: Suryawininata, 1987:80 Translating process in grammatical features is a specific process because each language has its own division of the lexicon into classes such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc. Different languages will have different sentence constructions. It will not always be possible to translate a source language sentence with a sentence in the target language. For instance, English-Indonesian has many sentence constructions which refer to actions. Most languages will prefer to express actions by comprehension process rather than transferring the meaning automatically. Internal Process Transfer Equivalence 2 Substance, Meaning, Message Substance, Meaning, Message TL SL Analysis Reconstructing Comprehension Evaluation and Revision 1 3

2.3 Meaning in Translation