1. Intrinsic elements
Intrinsic elements are elements that build on the work itself. Intrinsic elements of stories include:
• A theme is the main idea of a story, which is believed to be the source and story.
• Background setting is the place, the time, the atmosphere contained in the story. A story should be clear that the course, when it happened and
when the state of the atmosphere as well as the story progresses. • Plot plot is the arrangement of the event or events that make up a story.
• characterization is to describe the nature or character of a persons character can be seen from three aspects, namely through: character
dialogue, character description and depiction of physical character.
2. Extrinsic elements
Extrinsic elements are elements that are outside of literature, but it does not directly affect the structure or organism system literature. Extrinsic elements include:
• The values in the story religious, cultural, political, economic. • Background of life of the author.
• The social situation when the story was invented.
In analyzing a literary work, such as a short story, we need to apply some approaches to get the better ideas of understanding of how to analyze this literary
work. These approaches can be applied to analyze a literary work itself. In this case, the writer applies intrinsic approach to analyze a short stories from the outside of its
text. Three short stories by Edgar Allan Poe; ‘Berenice’, The Black Cat’, and ‘The
Universitas Sumatera Utara
Masque of The Red Death’ bringging madness characters as its main topic brings the analysis
The object of literature is human being. Both of this sciences study about human behavior or character and human development. Literature consists of the
character who conducts a story while everything that relates to the characters such as attitude or behavior and morality are part of psychology. The writer usess his feeling
and emotion in his works. It also happens on the readers, they will use their feeling and emotion in reading the literary works because the works are coming from the
experience of the writer himself and the experience from other people Wellek and Warren, 1956:81-93.
of the short stories to intrinsic approach. Because, human behaviors and mental processes are nothing less than the substance of our lives: our actions, our
thoughts, our attitudes, our moods, even our hope and dreams.
This thesis discusses about the characters as the intrinsict elements, focusing on Madness and characteristic of madness itself, which is somehow developed the
character’s personality. These reading materials like Theory of Literature by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren. Character is an important element because the actor is
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