Conceptual Definition Operational Definition

After calculated the data and found that both the data were in normal distribution and from homogeneous variance, the next calculation uses t-test. it is to test the hypothesis. Here, some tests which are used to analyze the score: 1. Mean. This test means to know the average of the score in each of the groups. M x = M y = 2. Standard Deviation. This test means “a sort of average of the differences of all scores from the mean” 7 . S Dx = S Dy = 3. Determine the Standard Error Mean of Variable X and Variable Y SEM SD n1 1 SEM 2 1 4. Degree of Freedom is used to know the t-table on the significance 0.05 d n1 n2 2 5. T-test. This test is used to know the significant difference score from both groups which is taken from gain score from both groups. It is preferred used if the result if post-test of both groups showed the different mean score 8 . The formula is; 7 James Dean Brown, Testing in Language Programs: A Comprehensive Guide to English Language Assessment, New York: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2005, pp. 102 104. 8 Lei Bao, Theoretical Comparisons of Average Normalized Gain Calculations, A journal from Physics Education Research of Department of Physics, The Ohio State University: 2006, p. 917. Explanation: M x : The mean score of gain’s score of experimental class M y : The mean score of gain’s score of experimental class ∑ x : The total score of experimental class gain’s score ∑ y : The total score of controlled class gain’s score ∑ x 2 : The total score of the calculation the score minus mean score of experimental class ∑ y 2 : The total score of the calculation the score minus mean score of controlled class S Dx : The standard deviation of gain’s score of experimental class S Dy : The standard deviation of gain’s score of controlled class 1 : The mean score of post-test in the experimental class 2 : The mean score of post-test in the controlled class SEM x : Standard error mean of the experimental class SEM y : Standard Error mean of controlled class n 1 : Total Students of the experimental class n 2 : Total Students of the controlled class

5. Statistical Hypotheses

The statistical hypotheses of this research are: - H = X 1 X 2 The mean score of the experimental class post-test is smaller than the mean score of the control class post-test - H a = X 1 X 2 The mean score of the experimental class post-test is greater than the mean score of the control class post-test The formulation of the statistical hypothesis is as follows: H 0 : t count t table H 1 : t count t table