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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Previous Researches
Genre studies is one of the topics for studying film. Film genre has been chosen by others as research topic. One of them is Fransisca Devita from Universitas
Kristen Petra Surabaya. She analyzes Wreck it Ralph film through code and convention of Jane Stokes; setting, location, narrative events, plot, character, and
iconography.
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She finds that the film constructed drama, action, and with mixed 10 others genres like science-fiction, fantasy, comedy, criminal, gangster, adventurer and
western. From secondary genre, she finds that this film contain disaster, Noir, roman, superhero, and thriller.
Besides that, she finds that Wreck it Ralph has the signs of displacement of code and convention from Disney Animation Studios on drama and fantasy genre.
This film uses bullying as the main theme which latest becomes popular in the US thus the genre and bullying being comodity to give the advantage for industry.
Different with Devita, other study analyzes Noir in KALA film. Noval Husain from Airlangga University chose KALA film because it is called as the first Noir film
in Indonesia by the director. The research show the characteristics of Noir genre in
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Fransisca Devita , ―Wreck It Ralph” : Studi Genre pada Film Disney Animation Studios,
Jurnal E- Komunikasi; 2013; 1; Universitas Kristen Petra Surabaya, p. 264
film KALA that very dominate. He also finds horror genre in this film because horror is one of film genres that popular in Indonesia.
Different with the previous researches, i analyze Trance film with the convention concept of Jane stokes. Through this concept, i try to explain that this film
contains Neo Noir genre.
B. Concepts
1. The Meaning of Genre
Genre is reflected in the etymology of the word genre, which is borrowed from French. On the other hand, genre is related to the Latin word genus, which
refers to ―kind‖ or ―a class of things‖. In various time and study, genre has been defined and used mainly as classificatory tool, a way of sorting and organizing kinds
of texts and other cultural objects.
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Himawan Pratista explains that : “In film, genre can be defined as kind or classification from film groups which
have character or same patterns spesific like setting, content, story subject, theme, narrative structure, action or event, period of time, style of situation, icon,
mood, and character. Those classification produce popular genres like action, adventure, drama, comedy, horror, western, thriller, Noir, roman etc
‖
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The quotation above explains that genre in film has purpose to classify the film based on the characteristics of film itself. Because day to day, film and film genre
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Anis S Bawarshi and Mary Jo Reiff. Genre An Introduction. United States: Parlor Press, 2010, p. 4
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Himawan Pratista. Memahami Film. Yogyakarta: Homerian Pustaka, 2008, p. 62
grow fastly. Genre is appointed after some of films that represent those genre are succesful become trends.
The simple example is western genre. The storyline is often about cowboy who is expert in gun and help the victim from the cruel leader. The spesific settings are in
jail, small town, main street, and ranch houses. Central plot of the western film is the classic, normally rooted in archetypal conflict
– good vs bad, virtue vs evil. The typical elements are gun and gun fight sometimes on horseback, bank robbers and
wore distinctive western clothing denim, jeans, boots etc.
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Like western, others genres have their own characteristics.
The main function of genre is to facilitate film classification. Genre help us to choose films based on the spesification. Genre also set up the relationship between
the film-maker and audiences. Film industry often uses spesific genre as the marketing strategy. Beside for classification, function of genre is for audiences
anticipation in watching.
2. Genre Classification
Genre in film are various. Most of films are combination from genres at the same time. But usually a film still has one or two dominant genres. Himawan Pratista
divided film genre into the two major groups, there are primary genre and secondary genre.
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Tim Dirks. ―Westerns Films‖.Filmsite.org. http:www.filmsite.orgwesternfilms.html
accessed on March 2, 2015
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Pratista. Op. Cit., p. 13
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