42 CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY
This chapter covers all important points that refer to the research implementation. The discussion includes the type of research, setting, participant,
data collection, and data analysis.
3.1 Type of research
The term “research” can mean any sort of careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in some field and knowledge undertaken to discover or establish
facts and principles Frankael and Wallen, 1993: 7. There are many methodologies that are fit this definition. That’s why it is important to classify
which methodology that is appropriate with the purpose of the research in order to obtain reliable important information. This information is the basic of the result of
the study. This study is categorized as the qualitative study. Qualitative study is a
study that is done to understand a phenomenon by focusing on the total picture rather than breaking down into variables Ary et al, 2002: 25. Different from
quantitative study, qualitative research study social phenomenon and using natural condition as the data. It is not numerical data. As this study offered, it uses
teacher’s way in managing extrinsic reward as the object and the students’ as the supporting element of this study. They also have to act naturally in order to get
reliable result.
There are many different types of qualitative study. Case study is chosen as the basic type of the study. Case study is an in–depth study of a single unit,
such as one individual, one group, one organization, and program and so on Ary
et al, 2002: 27.
3.2 Setting
The research took place in SD Mungkid I Blabak, Mungkid, Magelang. This elementary school was chosen because of some reasons. The first
consideration is the condition of the school itself which may affects the teaching learning activities, especially in learning English. This school is located in a small
village. It is rather far from the town. English is categorized as new lesson for them. Some of the students and their parents even had not realized the important
function of English in their future. The second reason is the characteristics of the fifth grade students in this
elementary school. Based on the information from the head master of that school, the students in that grade are very active, hard to concentrate on the lesson and
easily bored with the activity. These kinds of characteristics are appropriate with this study.
Those two problems may encourage the teacher to find the way to make the students feel comfortable with lesson, interested, and also pay full attention to
the lesson. Using extrinsic reward, for example: grade, toys, food, or “Good Students Award”, could be occurred as one of the teacher’s options to solve the
problem.
3.3 Participant
