8 Putri explains the roles of Veronika’s environment inside and outside of the
mental asylum to help Veronika in finding a meaning of her life. Finally, Veronika is able to enjoy small things that lead her to find the meaning of life and
love.
Third research was conducted by Yulianingsih 2006, a student of English Letters who uses psychological approach to analyze Veronika’s process of
individuation. In analyzing the process, Yulianingsih correlates the theory of conformity and suicide. In the conclusion, Yulianingsih states that Veronika is
able to fulfill her inner needs and able to listens to her heart. Many researchers have conducted on Paulo Coelho’s Veronika Decides to
Die . There are psychological aspects which deals with the factors of Veronika’s
unpredictable decisions as told in the novel. In this study, the writer uses the theory of psychosynthesis. Through psychosynthesis, an analysis on the deeper
aspect of Veronika’s self-realization is established. Thus psychosynthesis is preferred to analyze the novel.
2.2. Review of Related Theories
Some theories are needed to answer the questions in problem formulation. They are the theory of character and characterization and theory of
psychosynthesis. Later on, the theories are integrated to find the appropriate answer the problems stated in the previous chapter.
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2.2.1. Character and Characterization
Abrams 1999 explains two kinds of character. A person in a story who has some specific personality or rather special quality and does not undergo
personality changes is considered as a flat character. Flat character usually appears as a hero and usually can easily be described in one word. On the other
hand, round character is a person described not only as an example of some vice or virtue or type, but also more individualized being that undergoes changes.
Round character usually appears in a story that portrays the real life or that tells the experience of the author. Thus, a round character is as difficult to describe as a
real person in a real life p. 33. According to Murphy 1972, the personality of a person can be drawn from
the outer appearance and the manner. One’s past life also determine the personality of a person. However, understanding the characters and personalities
of a person in a literary work require more attempts. More attempts are required due to readers’ inability to see the characters in a novel directly. There are nine
ways to understand the personalities of a person in a literary work pp. 161-173, the explanation are as follows:
2.2.1.1. Personal Description
The author can directly describe not only a person’s appearance and clothing, but also the personality. He can describe clearly how the characters
looks like and tell the reader the details of the character’s appearance such as the face, skin, eyes, and clothing. The reader can also acquire a person’s behavior and
manner.
