Restriction to freedom in Slovenia

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3.2. Approach of the Study

There are many kinds of approaches in literature. This study uses the psychological approach and the historical approach. The psychological approach is mostly supported by Freud with his psychoanalysis. However, due to the development of psychology, the researcher chose psychosynthesis by Roberto Assagioli. Psychosynthesis actually develops from psychoanalysis. The difference is that as a psychiatrist, Roberto Assagioli understood the human being not as an object, but as a subject of continuous and active interactions with the surroundings. The writer also uses the historical approach. This approach is employed to analyze the historical backgrounds of Slovenia and the mental asylum in 19 th century. This approach is applied to see whether historical background of Slovenia and the mental asylum influence the growth of the main character or not. Veronika’s personality growth is affected by the environment. The environments are Veronica’s parents, the mental asylum, Zedka, Mari, Edward, and Dr. Igor. Thus, psychosynthesis is used due to its capability to answer the questions in problem formulation. The theory of psychosynthesis will be used to analyze the personality development of the main character in Coelho’s Veronika Decides to Die .

3.3. Method of the Study

In order to gather the information and sources, the writer used library research. The first step in the research was collecting the data. There are two kinds of data used, they are primary source and secondary sources. The primary 25 source would be Paulo Coelho’s Veronica Decides to Die. The secondary sources would be any other resources from books and internet that provides theories and information for the analysis. The books in providing psychological theory and information are Psychosynthesis: A Psychology of the Spirit, The Cambridge Dictionary of Psychology , Psikologi Kepribadian, and Cognitive Therapy. Sources from the internet were used to provide information about the historical background of Slovenia and the mental asylum in the 19 th century. In order to answer the question in problem formulation, more steps were taken. The first step deals with the researcher reading the novel thoroughly and repeatedly. By doing so, the researcher was able to have more understanding and extract interesting information from the novel. The second step was formulating problem to be discussed. The first question dealt with the personality of the main character. The second question dealt with the characteristics of main the mental asylum, and the third question dealt with the significance of living in the mental asylum to main character’s growth that leads to Self-realization. The third step was choosing the theories. The researcher chose the theory of character and characterization and the theory of psychosynthesis. Psychosynthesis mostly dealt with subpersonality, repression, and Self- realization. Psychosynthesis holds important aspect in analyzing the novel. The fourth step was answering the problems that were previously formulated. Theory of characteristic was used to analyze the Veronika’s personality and those within the mental asylum including Zedka, Mari, Edward,