14 McClelland 1985, explained the incentive for the achievement motive. It
is emphasized that “doing something better” is the incentive for the achievement motive. People who have achievement motive will do anything better than they
did before to achieve their goal. According to McClelland, there are many reasons related to this incentive, such as to please the teacher, to avoid criticism, to gain
the approval of a loved one, or simply to get some time off from work p. 228. The incentive is needed for them to show how capable they are in actualizing their
goal.
B. Theoretical Framework
The study of Kim Edwards’ The Memory of Keeper’s Daughter is a life analysis that becomes the major topic. This novel can be seen from many
perspectives, but in this study, the readers can get further explanation from the psychological approach. The discussion would be about Carolines motivation to
be a foster mother to a down syndrome girl. In order to answer the objective, I formulated two problems. The first problem is to identify how Caroline’s
character is portrayed in this novel. The second problem is to analyze the motivation of Caroline to be a foster mother to a down syndrome girl.
This analysis is supported by some theories. The theories used are theory of character and characterization, and theory of motivation. Theory of character
and characterization has the function to find out the characters of Caroline which defines as individual character round. The theories used are by Klarer and
Abrams. By using this theory, I could find out Caroline’s characters and characterization in the novel. Klarer, in stating his theory of characterization
15 divides human characterization into two. They are explanatory characterization
telling and dramatic characterization showing. The second theory is theory of motivation by McClelland, Heckhausen,
and Murray. The explanations of these three researchers are complete enough to find the answer of the second problem formulation. From this theory, I could
analyze the motivation of Caroline to be a foster mother to a down syndrome girl.
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
In this chapter, there are three parts to be discussed. They are object of the study, approach of the study, and method of the study. The object of the study
concerned with the object of this study, which is a novel of Kim Edwards, The Memory Keepers’ Daughter. The approach of the study concerned with the
approach used in this study. Method of study concerned with the method and procedure of this study.
A. Object of the Study
The object of this study is The Memory Keepers Daughter by Kim Edwards. This is the first novel of Kim Edwards. She is the author of short story
collection The Secret of Fire King. This novel is published the first time in the United States of America by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group USA
Inc. 2005. It is published in Penguin Books international edition 2006. This novel consists of 513 pages.
This novel tells about family, David Henry, a doctor, and his wife named Norah. His wife gave a birth to twins named Paul and Phoebe. Paul is a normal
boy, but Phoebe has down syndrome. David keeps a secret not telling his wife about the daughter condition. He prefers to say that their daughter died. It is
because of his memory when his sister was born with a heart defect, then she died
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because of it. David Hendry does not want his wife to have the same lost like what his mother had if Phoebe is still with them. A down syndrome person also has the
possibility to die because of heart defect. David Henry asks his nurse, Caroline, to bring his daughter into the
institution, but finally she takes Phoebe home. Then, Caroline decides to take care of her. After that, Caroline struggles to have a new life in a new place with
Phoebe.
B. Approach of the Study
This novel is analyzed using psychological approach. This approach is employed to understand the behavior of characters in this novel which is
considered by psychological aspect. It is really helpful to know Caroline’s motivation to be a foster mother in taking care of Phoebe, a girl with down
syndrome.
C. Method of the Study
This study is a library study. This method is started with reading the primary source that is the novel for many times to get better understanding of this
novel. The title of this novel is the Memory of Keeper’s Daughter by Kim Edwards. After reading the novel for many times, I decided the topic of Caroline’s
motivation to be a foster mother to Phoebe, a down syndrome girl. I noted some findings and data related to this topic.
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Then, I collected some secondary sources in the library to find books of literature and psychology. The secondary sources are books related to motivation
and literature theories, and also some books from the internet to complete the sources that cannot be found in library. In the end, I use some theories that are
suitable for this study to support my findings. In the process of analyzing the novel, I focused on the characters of
Caroline and the motivations of Caroline to be a foster mother in taking care of the girl with down syndrome. In the first point, Carolines characters are really
needed to be discussed. By finding the characters, I could answer the second point and found out that Caroline’s characters affect her motivation in taking care of
Phoebe. Then, I related these characters and motivation using psychological approach theory. In the end, the conclusion of this analysis can be achieved.
