Research Method RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

D. Research Instruments

In order to answer the research questions, the researcher needed research instruments. The researcher used two research instruments namely questionnaire and interview.

1. Questionnaire

The researcher used two forms of questions, namely close-ended and open-ended questions for this study. According to Seliger and Shohamy 1998, “questionnaire is a printed form of data collection, which contains questions or statements for subject to respond, often anonymous, ” p. 127. In close-ended questionnaire, the options of the answers were provided. It can help the participants to obtain what was needed because they could provide options that were suitable for the data needed. In this case, the options were the degree of agreement because it made the participants respond the questions using an agreement scale by selecting a number that presented their response Lodico et., 2006. The degree of agreement consisted of “strongly agree”, “agree”, “neutral”, “disagree”, and “strongly disagree”. Ac cording to Ary et al. 2002, “in open-ended questionnaire, the participants can share their opinions, benefits, and suggestions more openly” p. 389. By using open-ended questionnaire, the researcher gave the students freedom to share their suggestion based on what they had experienced in Psikologi Belajar dan Pembelajaran class. The researcher developed the questionnaire based on personal experiences at the third semester student and experiences of Psikologi Belajar dan Pembelajaran class which were supported by theories of some experts. For the detail, the blueprint of the questionnaire can be seen in Appendix 2.

2. Interview

The researcher used interview to follow up to the questionnaire. There were five students to clarify some data a bout the students‟ answers to the questionnaire. Frankel and Wallen 2006 stated, “the purpose of the interviewing people is to find out what is on their minds what they think or how they feel about something”, p. 455. It means that interview may provide information that cannot be obtained through observation, or students can be used to verify observations. As the example, observing a teacher in a classroom tells us something about the behavior, but interviewing helps us to put the behavior in context and helps us understand actions and choices. In conducting the interview, the researcher interviewed five students. Three of them were the representative of the students who answered strongly agree for some crucial questions on the questionnaire and the other two students were the representative of the students who answered strongly disagree for some crucial questions on the questionnaire. The researcher chose them to know the roles of CBI method which is implemented in Psikologi Belajar dan Pembelajaran class influencing the students ‟ reading attitude. The researcher asked several questions in order to clarify the answer. For the detail, the blueprint of the interview can be seen in Appendix 5.

E. Data Analysis Technique

In analyzing the result of the questionnaire, the researcher had several steps. The first step was analyzing the data from closed-ended questionnaire by checking the answer of each question and classifying them into one group based on the scale. Then, the researcher put the classified data into a table in order to help the researcher count the result easily. The researcher counted down how many ticks were put on each degree of agreement of “strongly agree”, “agree”, “disagree”, and “strongly disagree” for each question. In order to calculate the percentage of each agreement, the researcher employed the formula below. ∑ ∑ x 100 ∑ = The number of participants who choose a particular degree of agreement ∑ = The number of all participants Actually, the table would be a tabulation of data which consisted of the percentage result of each scale for each question. The participants who had positive perception of the roles of CBI method which is implemented in Psikologi Belajar dan Pembelajaran class tended to choose “strongly agree” and “agree” in the questionnaire. It means that the participants who had negative perception on the reading attitude towards the use of CBI method which is implemented in Psikologi Belajar dan Pembelajaran class tended to choose ”strongly disagree” and “disagree”. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI