questionnaire to the students. An open-ended question is a question format that allows students to give a free-form answer.
D. Research Instrument
In this research, the researcher was the key instrument.
8
The instrument in naturalistic inquiry is the human.
9
Thus, the researcher was as the main instrument in the research. Moreover, there were some instruments used in collecting the data
as follows. 1.
Observation Observation is the process of gathering open-end, first hand information by
observing people and place at a research sites.
10
This research was used observation that the researcher prepared it in advanced. The researcher observed
the process of teaching and learning reading through herringbone and problem faced by the teacher and students.
The aspects of teaching and learning process were described as follows.
Table 3 Observation Guideline
Subject Pointers
Pre- activities
teacher 1.
Teacher greet the whole class 2.
Teacher checks the students attendance list 3.
Teacher gives motivation 4.
Then ask some questions to the students in order to make a good relationship among them or to create a good
8
Sugiono,
Op.Cit
, p.223
9
Ibid,
10
John W. Cresswell
, Op. Cit
, p.212
atmosphere in the class 5.
The last brainstorming While-
activities teacher and
students 1.
The teacher explains the task to be discussed before the class breaks into grups
2. The teacher organizes the pupils into mixed ability
groups same ability groups as need be 3.
The teacher constructs a herringbone outline with the 5+W+H who, when, where, why, what, how and the
main idea. 4.
The teacher asks students to read and write important information about the story in their notebook
5. The teacher rotates the groups leadership roles regularly
6. The teacher supervises the discussion in the groups so as
to encourage and help pupils in difficulty 7.
The teacher manages feedback concisely when discussion 8.
The teacher remind the time to the sudents 9.
The students write answers on the herringbone outline 10.
The teacher asks students to discuss answer in their group Post-
activities teacher
1. The teacher evaluates and concludes the lesson and closes
the meeting. Teachers and Students’ Problem
Teacher’s problems
in teaching reading
comprehension 1.
The students’ lack mastery of the basic 2.
The students’ habit of slow reading 3.
The students’ inability to figure out inferences, implication, and main ideas
4. Text selection
5. Exercise to include
Students’ problems
in learning reading
comprehension 1.
Decoding 2.
comprehension and retension
The researcher observed the process of teaching and learning reading comprehension through herrin
gbone, the students and teacher’s problems during teaching and learning reading comprehension through herringbone. In the
