2. The usual pattern of past and past participle formation is to add an affix, but some verbs also an internal change.
bite -
bit -
bitten drink
- drank
- drunk
3.4 Suppletion
Suppletion is the impossibility of showing a general rule or a regular relationship between the base and derived word. Languages that employ
morphological processes to form words will normally have a regular, productive way of doing so according to one or more of the processes. They might also have
some smaller classes of words that irregular because they mark the same morphological distinction b y another of these processes. Sometimes, the same
distinction can be represented by two different words which don’t have any systematic difference in form; they are exceptions to all of the processes. These
completely irregular situation is called suppletion and usually only occurs in a few words of a language.
Examples: good
- better
- best
bad -
worse -
worst many
- more
- much
go -
went -
gone
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3.5 Compounding
In many languages, compounding is the most frequently used way of making new lexemes. In simple cases, compounding consists of the combination
of two words, in which one word modifies the meaning of the other. The compounds, as the result of the combining of the base forms, may be nouns,
verbs, adjectives, adverbs, or other form classes. Examples:
1. Compound Noun breakfast verb + noun
software adjective + noun 2. Compound Verbs
blockbust noun + verbs free-associate adjective + verbs
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CHAPTER IV THE ANALYSIS OF AFFIXATION IN DANIEL DEFOE
“ROBINSON CRUSOE”
The general term for bound morphemes that are added to roots and stems is affix. If an affix appears before the rootstem, it is a prefix, if it is appears after
the rootstem, it is a suffix. In his book The Grammar of Word, Geert Booij 2005 defines that prefixes consists of 16 parts; micro-, tele-, ad-, con, de-, per-, pro-,
trans-, over-, re-, a-, un-, dis-, en-, an-, and also suffixes that consists of 18 parts; -graph, -dom, -ible, -able, -ic, -al, -ial, -ize, -ish, -er, -en, -less, -age, - scope, -
tion, -ity, -ness, -ly.
4.1 Description of Prefixes
Based on Booij 2005:320, Prefix is affix that attached at the left edge of a stem.
4.1.1 Prefix a-
The prefix a- appears before consonant stems, and prefix a- does not change the form when it is attached to these base forms:
1. a- + way
away ch.1p.7ph.8
2. a- + way
away ch.1p.9ph.9
3. a- + way
away ch.1p.9ph.10
4. a- + shore
ashore ch.1p.10ph.12
5. a- + way
away ch.2p.13ph.8
6. a- + way
away ch.2p.13ph.8
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