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to learn and to understand human being as the individual or as the member of society.
C. The Relation Between Literature and Psychology
In some way, literature and psychology are closely related since both have the same object, that is human life. Functionally literature and psychology are
related because either literature or psychology is utilized to study the psychic conditions of human beings.
As the means of analyzing a literary work, psychology can be utilized in four points. As stated by Rene Wellek and Austin Warren in Theory of Literature:
By „psychology of literature’, we may mean the psychological study of the writer as type and as individual, or the study of creative process, or the
study of the psychological types and laws present within works of literature, or, finally, the effects of literature upon its readers audience
psychology….Probably only the third belongs, in the strictest sense, to literary study 1977: 81.
Based on the quotation above, there are four meanings of psychology of literature. The first one is the psychological study on the author artist as an
individual. It emphasizes on the reflection of the psychological condition of the author through hisher literary works. The second is the study of the creative
process, which focuses the analysis on the steps of creating the work. The third is the study of the psychological types and laws that can be obtained from the
literary works. It deals with the psychological norms and values in the literary works. The fourth is the study on the effect of literature to the readers. It deals
with the readers as the respondents to the literary works they have read. In this study, the most suitable type that may be applied to the novella
“The Mysterious Stranger” is the third, which focuses on the work of art itself
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namely the study of the characters according to the theories of personality. Therefore, the third point will be used in order to reveal the contradiction
phenomena that appear in the novella. So, the use of psychological approach becomes an instrument to
explain the characters’ behaviors. In relation to this point, there are many branches of psychology. Based on
the limitation of the problem, the suitable psychological theory that is relevant to the phenomena of the contradiction in characters is the Psychoanalysis proposed
by Sigmund Freud. This theory covers categories of personality such as: the id, ego and superego.
D. The Applied Psychology
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