listeners that he sincerely accepted responsibility in leading Jakarta if the speaker is elected later.
4.1.3. Directives
Directives holds the third type of Illocutionary Acts in the speeches.
Directives are the kinds of speech acts that the speaker uses to direct someone else to
do something. It means that to reach the speaker wants, the speaker use others hearers to do it. Here, they do what the speaker wants. Another interpretation by
Searle 1969, is that Directives are statements that attempt to make the audience’s actions fit the propositional content Coulthard, 1987:24. The acts can be
requesting, questioning, commanding, pledging, inviting, and daring. The followings
are application of Directives in the speeches.
Izinkan saya dalam kesempatan ini mengingatkan kepada Anda untuk memilih Jokowi dan Basuki sebagai Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur DKI Jakarta.
11 This utterance is categorized as Directives because the words “…untuk
memilih Jokowi dan Basuki sebagai Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur DKI Jakarta” is
categorized as requesting. In the statement above, Joko Widodo requested and
reminded the voters to vote him in the election of the Governor of Jakarta. He tends to give persuasive utterance which will influence other people in beliefs, feelings and
conduct. There is also other utterance containing Directives as follows.
Pastikan juga untuk mengamankan suara Anda dalam proses perhitungan karena
setiap suara Anda akan berarti untuk perubahan Jakarta. 16
This utterance is categorized as Directives because the words “pastikan juga untuk mengamankan suara Anda dalam proses perhitungan…”
is categorized as
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commanding . In the statement above, the speaker is not only attempting to change
beliefs or attitudes, but also he is trying to impress the hearers with the important reasons. In these elections, the citizens are not only asked directive to vote him but
also commanded to ensure that the voice secure in the calculation process.
4.1.4. Expressives
Expressives are the kinds of speech acts which state that the speaker feels. It
can be shown in the acts of thanking, apologizing, welcoming, congratulating, deploring, condolence, greeting,
and complaining. In those speeches, expressives holds the fourth type of Illocutionary Acts. The followings are application of
Expressives in the speeches.
Hallo, apa kabar para sahabat relawan yang saya cintai. Bahagia sekali saya
langsung bisa bertatap muka dengan teman-teman relawan melalui kecanggihan
teknologi saat ini 1
This utterance is categorized as Expressives because the words “Hallo, apa kabar para sahabat relawan yang saya cintai. Bahagia sekali saya…”
is categorized
as greeting. In the statement above, the speaker began his speech by expressing his
happiness in welcoming his supporters. Joko Widodo, in his opening, needed a sentence which could arouse the attention of the listeners. In this speech, Joko
Widodo also expressed his admiration for the sophistication of the technology at this time so that he can make a speech to his supporters without standing directly in front
of them.
Joko Widodo made this speech and passed it to the social accounts known by the name YouTube.
The goal is to seek social support from the users of this account that are mostly young people to vote him in the election of the Governor of Jakarta.
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There is also other utterance containing Expressives as follows.
Saudaraku-saudaraku warga Jakarta yang kubanggakan dan kucintai. Kami berdiri disini di depan Anda semuanya dengan segala kepasrahan dan kerendahan hati
sekaligus takjub dan bersyukur betapa besar rahmat Tuhan Allah Shubanawata Allah kepada kita semuanya
. 24 This utterance is categorized as Expressives because the words “…bersyukur
betapa besar rahmat Tuhan Allah Shubanawata Allah kepada kita semuanya” is
categorized as thanking. In the statement above, the speaker wants to show his
amazement to God and his happiness for the trust from every people in Jakarta who have chosen his as their leader even at that time he had not been officially elected as
Governor of Jakarta although Quick Count results have shown that he is the winner. Also, the illocution of this sentence is the intention for thanking for every people and
every part that have helped him in the process of being the Governor of Jakarta.
4.1.5. Declarations