data themselves through examining documents, observing behavior, and interviewing participants. The researchers are the ones who actually gather the
information and they do not tend to use or rely on questionnaires or instruments developed by other researchers. They use their own capacity to collect, interpret
and analyze the data. In addition, the secondary instrument of this researcher is a set of data
collected from the novel entitled A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini 2008. This instrument functions as a guide for the researcher in the process of
identification and analysis.
D. The Technique of Data Collection
In this study, the researcher used the technique of analysis of documents and material culture since the source of the data was a written text Vanderstoep and
Jhonston, 2008:189. The process of data collecting technique consists of four steps, namely careful and comprehensive reading, note taking, data interpreting,
and data categorizing. Firstly, the writer read Hosseini‟s A Thousand Splendid Suns carefully and comprehensively. In order to get the trustworthiness of the
data, the researcher read and reread the novel to get more vivid understanding about it.
To obtain the necessary data, the researcher also took notes and highlighted the data which were related to gender discrimination and attitudes of women
towards the discrimination. The data which had been gathered through note taking process were interpreted using feminist literary criticism.
Finally, the data were categorized into the units which were relevant with A kinds of gender discrimination which were faced by the women in A Thousand
Splendid Suns and B the attitudes of women towards the discrimination. The researcher wrote the categorized data in a table of data collection and
classification. The researcher marked some sentences bold which support and emphasize the categories she made to ease the analyzing process.
Table 3. Kinds of Gender Discrimination No. Category
Sub- Category
Quotation Page
Chapter
1 .
Violence Sexual
Violence Nana had been one of the
housekeepers. Until her belly began to swell.
Nana
61
Table 3.
Women’s Attitudes towards Gender Discrimination No. Category
Sub- Category
Quotation Page
Chapter
1. Influencing
factors Becoming the
object of patriarchal
society Whats the sense schooling
a girl like you? Its like shining a spittoon.
And youll learn nothing of value
in those schools. There is only one, only one skill a
woman like you and me needs in life, and they dont
teach it in school. 183
E. The Technique of Data Analysis
Hoonard and Hoonard 2008:186 mention that data analysis is an integral part of qualitative research and constitutes an essential stepping-stone towards
both gathering data and linking one‟s findings with higher order concepts. According to Creswell 2009: 185, data analysis in qualitative research involves
