Introduction Prosiding 2nd Reptech tahun 2016

ISBN : 978-602-17761-4-8 35 Proceedings of 2 nd REPTech Crowne Plaza Hotel, Bandung, November 15-17, 2016 © 2016 Published by Center for Pulp and Paper through 2 nd REPTech ASSESSING THE ROLE OF RATIO OF SYRINGILVANILLIN-BASED LIGNIN MONOMERS, DENSITY OF FOUR PLANTATION-FOREST WOOD SPECIES, AND H-FACTOR ON DELIGNIFICATION INTENSITY AND PROPERTIES OF KRAFT PULP Dian Anggraini Indrawan a 1 , Rossi Margareth Tampubolon a , Gustan Pari a , Saptadi Darmawan b , Han Roliadi c 2 a Center for Forest Product Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia, b Center for The Technology of Non-Forest Product Research and Development, Mataram, Indonesia, c Already Retired, 1 elisabethdianrezagmail.com 2 hroliadiyahoo.com ABSTRACT Domestic consumption of pulp and its derivatives esp. paper during the last three years 2012-2014 steadily increased, and might be such in the future. Concerns arouse as the availability of conventional iber sources natural-forest woods in Indonesia for pulppaper becomes depleted and scarce. One way to overcome is introducing alternative ibers, e.g. plantation-forest PF woods. Different PF-wood species could affect pulping properties esp. deligniication extentintensity, and the resulting-pulp paper products. This can lead to ineficiency in utilizing and processing different wood species for pulppaper; and therefore deserves thorough solution. Pulping with kraft process through ingenuously manipulating process condition indicatively could tolerate species differences. Basic properties of PF woods should also be accounted e.g. density, lignin content, and ratio of syringil-to-vanillin units in lignin. Relevantly, laboratory-scale kraft pulping was conducted on individual PF species i.e. sengon, gmelina, meranti kuning, and kapur employing ixed processingcooking conditions, i.e. 16-active alkali, 22.5-sulidity, and 1:4-wood-to-liquor ratio. Variable conditions were maximum cooking- temperatures at 170 o C and 190 o C, each held for 0-, 30-, 60-, and 90-minute durations. Combination of cooking temperatures and durations brought-out eight H-factors values 117.88-2182.67 and accordingly eight kraft-pulp varieties. Greater H-factor values induced more deligniication intensity. Deligniication intensity seemed more affected by ratio of syringilvanillin units R 2 =0.2026 than by wood density R 2 =0.2005 and lignin content R 2 =0.0688 ns . Such intensity correlated positively with screened-pulp yield and negatively with pulp reject. The highest yield was achieved at H-factor 1502.25. As such, kraft-pulp handheets were formed without beating, and their physicalstrength properties tested. Sheet properties correlated positively with syringilvanillin ratio, negatively with wood density less strongly, but insigniicantly with lignin content. Overall, this implied greater syringilvanillin ratio apparently enhanced active-selective deligniication intensity, thereby lessening wood-carbohydrate degradation. The besthighest sheet physicalstrength properties were from sengon wood, followed in decreasing order by gmelina, meranti kuning, and kapur. Meranti kuning and kapur which seemed unsatisfactory in kraft pulping can expectedly be improved by enhancing active-selective cooking liquor e.g. regulating sulidity and introducing AQ. These signiicant results seem prospectively beneicial to bring more eficient pulppaper processing from PF woods; and lessen dependency on natural-forest woods, thereby mitigating forest-destruction intensity and sustaining natural resources. Keywords: Lignin, siringil, vanilin, kraft, pulping

1. Introduction

Pulp signiies as half-inished product for further manufacture into paper, paperboard, iberboard, and other pulp derivatives. Pulping with chemical processes aims for the manufacture of paper with high qualities, particularly with respect to strengths and permanency e.g. writingprinting papers and textbooks and other products with high cellulose-purity e.g. rayon, cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate, and cellulose phosphate [1]. Consumption of those items esp. pulp and paper in Indonesia during the last three years 2012-2014 tended to increase 1.75-1.95 milllion tons; and indicatively will be such ISBN : 978-602-17761-4-8 36 Proceedings of 2 nd REPTech Crowne Plaza Hotel, Bandung, November 15-17, 2016 © 2016 Published by Center for Pulp and Paper through 2 nd REPTech in the future along with the advancement of human civilization and population increase. Such increase one day can not be overcome with processing results of conventional iber stuffs esp. natural forest woods as their potencies become depleted and scarce [2,3]. One way to cope with those problems is introducing alternative ibers, and among them are plantation forest PF woods [4]. Being located in tropical region, Indonesia can have a huge diversity in its vegetations including forest trees with respect to species or related sorts. This can also lead to variation in PF wood species and hence their basic properties. Variation in wood species can bring about ineficiency in their utilization and processing into pulppaper, and therefore deserve thorough attention [5]. Indicatively, wood pulping with kraft process can tolerate species difference to some extent through an appropriate process modiication. The modiication is such that kraft pulping affords effective active-selective deligniication, high screen-pulp yield, low pulp rejects, and high pulp strengths, as those are related to qualities of paper or other pulp derivatives that result [1,6]. Variables in kraft pulping that affect those properties are among others temperature and duration of cooking. For simpliication, those two variables can be expressed as a single variable, called the H-factor [7]. Relevantly, there has been experimented to assess the role of particular basic properties wood density, lignin content, and ratio of syringilvanillin-based monomers in lignin of four tropical PF wood species, i.e. sengon, gmelina, meranti kuning, and kapur, on the deligniication extentintensity and properties of kraft pulp that resulted at various H-factor levels [5,8].

2. Literature Reviews