Possible causes Description Severity levels

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b. Severity levels

- Low level of intensity L: the case where the bleeding very slightly and watched this only in a few days of the year and at this level, do not stick to the asphalt shoes or tires. - Medium level of intensity M: is the level at which the asphalt adhere to shoes or tires, and this happens in a few weeks per year. - Higher level of intensity H: high intensity bleeding when the asphalt adhere to shoes or tires for a period of not less than several weeks and be completely covered with a layer of gravel bitumen.

c. How to Measure

Bleeding is measured in square meters of surface area. If bleeding is counted, polished aggregate is not counted in the same area.

d. Possible causes

Bleeding occurs due to the increasing quantities of asphalt or increases the binding of asphalt in the mix asphalt, and increases the spraying of asphalt materials paint layer and adhesive layer or the lack of air spaces resulting in hot weather to extend the asphalt and fill in the blanks and then grows out of the surface. Therefore, the bleeding process does not have a reflection or effect in cold climates and pool are on the asphalt surface.

2.3.2.6 Raveling and Weathering

a. Description

Weathering and raveling are the wearing away of the pavement surface caused by the loss of asphalt or tar binder and dislodged aggregate particles. This distress indicates that either the asphalt binder has hardened appreciably or that a poor quality mixture is present .In addition, raveling may be caused by certain types of traffic e.g., tracked vehicles .Softening of the surface and dislodging of the 32 aggregate due to oil or fuel spillage and surface seal loss are also in cluded under raveling.

b. Severity levels

- Low level of intensity L: Aggregate or binder of the pavement or surface seal has started to wear away .In some area, the surface is starting to pit .In the case of oil spillage, the oil stain can be seen, but the surface is hard and cannot be penetrated with a coin. - Medium level of intensity M: Aggregate and or binder has worn away or the original pavement is showing through the surface seal in a few places. The surface texture is moderately rough and pitted .In the case of oil spillage. - Higher level of intensity H: Aggregate and or binder have been considerably worn away or much of the surface seal has been lost. The surface texture is very rough and severely pitted. The edge of the pavement has broken up to the extent that pieces are missing with in3m to 6mof the edge .In the case of oil spillage, the asphalt binder has lost its binding effect and the aggregate has become loose.

c. How to Measure