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Figure 2.15 Lane Shoulder Drop GTC, 1998
b. Severity levels
-
Low level of intensity L: the difference between the level of the edge of pavement
and shoulders between 25-50 mm. -
Medium level of intensity M: the difference between the level of the edge of
pavement and shoulders from 51 to 100 mm. -
Higher level of intensity H: the difference between the level of the edge of
pavement and shoulders more than 100 mm.
c. How to Measure
Measured drop shoulders Surface longitudinal tracks. Measured by the area affected by the defect length of the affected area multiplied by one meter, and the
defect density is calculated by dividing the area affected by the total area of the section scanned multiplied by one hundred.
d. Possible causes
Include the causes for the decline and fall of the shoulders expose the shoulders, or the implementation of the tracks without carrying carriageway adjusts the
shoulders GTC, 1998.
2.3.3.3 Potholes
a. Description
Are usually Basin drilling diameters of about 750 mm, as have aspects of vertical near the top of the pit, which occur on the road surface and vary in depth and
breadth. If there are cracks Alligator drilling because of high intensity should be
39
defined and not digging flying Weathering. Figure 2.16 the form and location of drilling in the road. Potholes are bowl-shaped holes of various sizes occurring in
the pavement surface ASTM D6433, 1999.
Figure 2.16 Potholes GTC, 1998
b. Severity levels
Table 2.1 severity levels of potholes GTC, 1998
Maximum Depth mm
Median Diameter mm 100 -200
201 - 450 451 - 750
13 -25 Low
Low Medium
26 – 50
Low Medium
Higher More than 50
Medium Medium
Higher
c. How to Measure:
If a hole more than 750 is scaled mm Surface Area and then divided by 0.5 half a meter box to find the equivalent number of craters, but if the depth of excavation
is less than 25 mm are considered moderate, and high intensity in the case of depth of more than 25 mm .
d. Possible causes
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i. Break the surface of the pavement as a result of alligator cracks.
ii. Turn the place of the surface layer of paving.
iii. The presence of moisture and do accelerate the movement from the
emergence of drilling.
2.3.4 Surface patches
2.3.4.1 Patching
a. Description
A patch is an area of pavement which has been replaced with new material to repair the existing pavement see Figure 2.17. A patch is considered a defect no matter
how well it is performing a patched area or adjacent area usually does not perform as well as an original pavement section ASTM D6433.
Figure 2.17 Patching GTC, 1998
b. Severity levels
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