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CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
In the third chapter, the writer would like to discuss population, samples, identification of the problems, techniques of data collection, and techniques of
data analysis.
3.1 Population and Sample
Margono 2003:118 said that a population is defined as a complete set of individuals or subject having common observable characteristics. The population
is the establishment of boundary condition that specify who shall be included in or excluded from the population Tuckman, 1978:117.
The population of this study was the seventh year students of SMP N I Moga Pemalang in the academic year of 20082009. It has five classes of seventh
year students. In order to study population more effectively, she had to select fifty students from the population as sample in this study.
3.2 Sampling Technique
In order to make this study effective, researcher had to select sample. Sample is part of population, which represent the population.
According to Brink 1974:33, random sampling refers to the process of drawing a random sample of individuals of some population. In this study, the
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writer used random sampling technique to take samples. In the random sampling technique, each number has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. The
writer took 10 students of each class to be taken as samples. So there were fifty students taken from five different classes.
In selecting 10 students of each class, the writer took the procedure called lottery method. This method is an objective selection. She did it by writing down
the order number of the student’s names list on a small piece of paper, and then the pieces of paper was rolled and let the ten rolls of paper drop out of the glass
one after another. Although the steps in taking samples are very simple, many researchers have to adapt the random sampling techniques as one way to select the
samples since it is not influenced by thoughts and feelings.
3.3 Identification of the Problems
The fact of the analysis result shows that the most of teacher SMP and SMU still do not know how to construct a good test. They do not know about the
characteristics of the quality of a good test. Based on that fact, there are four problems related to the English test items. The
problems are: a.
The validity level b.
the reliability level c.
The difficulty level d.
The discrimination power
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3.4 Technique of Collecting Data
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