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CHAPTER II REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Testing, Evaluation, Measurement
Testing, Evaluation, and Measurement are three basic related concepts that we need to understand. The similarity among them is to assess the students’ ability in
mastering language. Test and measurement are parts of evaluation. The difference between test, evaluation and measurement can be found in the practice of
assigning final marks to students at the end of a unit of work. Evaluation as one of the components of the curriculum is also one of the activities to stimulate the
students so that they will learn and master the material that have been taught. In a test, the students will review the lesson, which their teachers have taught before.
Measurement is a method to measure ability according to the rules. Here the definitions of Test, Evaluation and Measurement.
According to Heaton 1975:1, tests maybe constructed primarily as devices to reinforce learning and to motivate the student, or primarily as a means of
assessing the student’s performance as the language. Meanwhile, Valette 1977:3 argues that testing is a topic of concern to language teachers, both those in the
classroom and those engaged in administration or research. As said by Oller 1979:1 a language test is a device that tries to assess how much has been learned
in a foreign language course or some parts of a course. A test is a set of questions, each of which has a correct answer, that examines usually answer orally or in
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writing Tinambuan,1988:3. Based on Gronlund 1976:6, evaluation may be defined as a systematic
process of determining the extent to which instructional objectives are achieved by pupils. Measurement is the processes of assigning numbers to individuals or
their characteristics according to specific rules Ebel and Frisbie,1979:25. From the statements above, the writer can conclude that test is a device to
asses the student’s ability in teaching learning process. Through a test, teachers can get information about students achievement. Evaluation is one of the activities
to measure and assess the level of achievement of students. It is important to have a good evaluation. Measurement is a method to assess the student’s based on the
rules.
2.2 Criteria of a Good Test
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