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grammatical category which exist in the Source Language, the information expressed that category may have to be ignored.
From the explanation above, it can be conclude that the translation should pay attention to the different of language system and the culture between the
Source Language and the Target Language. The text and the translator’s competence also influence the result of the translation.
2.5 Process of Translation
Translation process is a series of activities in which a translator uses hisher knowledge skill and ability to transfer message from SL into TL. According to
Newmark 1988:19 the process of translating begins with choosing a method of approach, secondly when we are translating, we translate with four levels more or
less consciously in mind; 1 the SL text level; 2 the referential level; 3 the cohesive level; and 4 the naturalness level. Finally there is the revision
procedure, which may be concentrated of staggered according to the situation. This procedure constitutes at least half on the compete process.
While Nida and Taber 1963:33 divide the process of translation into three phases: 1 analysis of message in the SL; 2 transfer; 3 reconstruction of the
transferred message in the TL The analysis phase is the process in which grammatical relationship and the
meaning of the words or word combination are analyzed. In the transfer phase, the already analyzed materials in the phase 1one are transferred in the
translator’s mind from SL to TL. The reconstruction phase is the phase where the
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translator rewrites or re-expresses the materials in such away that translation product is readable and acceptable in term of rules and styles in the TL.
Suryawinata 1989 develops Nida and Taber concept by borrowing the concepts of deep surface from generative transformational as described in the
following figure:
Analysis Restructing
Evaluation and Revision Figure 2.1. Process of translation
The following are the explanation of the figure: 1 Analysis and comprehension, the surface structure and message in the SL
is analyzed in terms of grammatical relationship, the meaning of each combination of words, both textual and contextual meaning.
2 Transfer, this process happens in the translator’s mind in which the message of the SL is transferred into TL.
3 Transfer, this process happens in the translator’s mind in which the message of the SL is transferred into TL.
4 Restructing, in this phase the translator looks for the equivalent words, expressions, or sentences in the TL to express the message in the SL.
Deep Process Content Transfer Content
Meaning Meaning Message Equivalent Message
SL TEXT
TL TEXT
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5 Evaluation and revision the translation text is evaluated to ensure that the entire message in the SL has been transferred into the TL text. Some
revision may be done to produce an accurate translation.
2.6 Translation Equivalence
