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According to Maslow 1954, there are five needs for a human to be fulfilled. Starting from the bottom, there is psychological needs, dealing with such
as air, water, nourishment, and sleep. According to Maslow‟s theory, if some
particular needs are not satisfied then other motivations will come up from the quest to satisfy them. Higher needs such as social and esteem needs are not felt
until one of the needs is not accomplished. The next level is safety needs. Once psychological needs are accomplished, the next one is the feeling of being safe
from physical and emotional harm. It can be accomplished by living in the safe environment, having a healthy life, having financial alternatives, etc. Next one is
social needs which is dealing with needs that are those related to interaction with other people and may include: the need for friends, need for belonging and need
to give and receive love. The fourth is esteem needs. After a person gets those
Figure 1. Maslow‘s Hierarchy of Needs
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feeling, the need to feel important come up. Esteem needs can be classified as internal or external. Internal esteem needs are those which have a relation to self-
esteem such as self-respect and achievement. External esteem needs are those as social status and recognition. The last
need in Maslow‟s Hierarchy of Needs is self-actualization. Self-actualization is the top
of Maslow‟s hierarchy of needs. It is a need of reaching full potential as a person. It is the need of maximizing own
internal potential. This need is not like those lower needs. The self-actualization is never fully satisfied. Human is a living individual, as he is growing the standard
of reaching full potential is also increasing. In the end, those needs are not always are exact in every person. They can have different kind of needs in life.
4. New Criticism
According to New Criticism, the book should be judged as it is. Without considering
the author‟s background. It is the researcher‟s job to see work based only on the text itself. A standard method of high school and college instruction in
literary studies is close reading or as known as New Criticism Tyson, 1999. According to Tyson 1999, New Criticism is not a new theory; nowadays this
theory is not used as frequent as before “no longer practiced by literary critics” p.
117. This theory arose to replace the biographical historical criticism. New Criticism helps the researcher to get the literal meaning. It is because
there are so many people who studied The Little Prince novel. The researcher compiles their studies and formulates some common things into supporting ideas
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to know th e literal meaning. Without judging the author‟s background or
purposes, the researcher judge the study as what it is written there.
B. Theoretical Framework
In this study, there are two problems that are analyzed. The first is “How is
the narrator described in the novel ?” and the second is “What is the meaning of
being grown-up as seen by the narrator?” In order to answer those questions, the
researcher uses psychological approach. It is because the base of the analysis will be closely related to human psyche, human mind, and behavior. Moreover, the
researcher also uses some theories to answer those questions. For the first problem, the researcher uses the character and characterization
theories to answer the question. These theories help the researcher to have a better understanding of the character which is being analyzed. These theories are going
to help the researcher in analyzing the main character of the novel who is the narrator in The Little Prince novel. Theory of characterization by Murphy 1972
wi ll be used to get the character‟s personality by analyzing some aspects such as
personal descriptions, speeches, conversation of others, reactions, direct comments, and thoughts.
For the second problem that will be discussed in this study is about the meaning of grown-ups. The researcher uses a psychological approach to
determine what is the meaning of grown-ups as seen by the narrator. The researcher also uses the theory of motivation to reveal the meaning by seeing from
the character ‟s motivation in the novel.
