THE ATTITUDES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF BATUBARA IN MEDAN TOWARDS BATUABARA MALAY LANGUAGE.
THE ATTITUDES OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS OF
BATUBARA IN MEDAN TOWARDS BATUBARA
MALAY LANGUAGE
A Thesis
JULISAH IZAR
Registration Number : 8146111028
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Izar Julisah, Reg. No. 8146 111 028. The Attitudes of University Students of
Batubara In Medan Towards Batuabara Malay Language. English Applied Linguistics,
Pascasarjana Program. State University of Medan,2016.
This study dealt with the attitudes of university students of Batubara towards Batubara malay
language. The data were collected from the university students of Batubara in Medan . the
study employs qualitative research design with some informants’deals with the need of her
research to get understanding. The subjects of this research were 20 university stdents of
Batubara who take study in Medan . The instruments used for collecting the data were
observation sheet, questionaire sheet and depth interview. The data of this study were the
result of observation sheet, questionaire sheet and depth interview. The data from observation
sheets were used to examine the language attitude while the questionaire sheet and depth
interview were used to examine the attitudes levels and the factors or reasons of university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language. The data were analyzed by
Moleong’s theory. The findings showed that there were 12 respondents (60%) have negative
atitudes and 8 respondents (40%) have positive attitudes. The attitudes levels of university
students included in negative and postive atitude namely in receiving 11 respondents (55%)
have negative attitude and 9 respondents (45%) have positive attitude, responding 12
respondents (60%) have negative attitude and 8 respondents have positive attitude, while in
valuing 10 respondents (50%) have negative and 10 respondents have positive attitude,
organizing 12 respondents (60%) have positve attitudes and 8 respondents (40%) have
negative attitude and in internalizing values 12 respondents (60%) have negative attitude and
8 respondents (40%) have positive attitudes the factors influenced negative attitudes of the
university students were language disloyalty 12 respondents (60%) have negative attitudes
and 8 respondents (40%) have positive attitude, language pride lack 14 respondents (70%)
have negative attitude and 7 respondents (30%) have positive attitude in the unawareness of
the norms 11 respondents (55%) have negative atitude and 9 respondents (45%) have positive
attitude. The analysis of the data indicated that Bahasa Indonesia dominantly spoken by
university students of Batubara in Medan which caused they have the less frequency in using
rather than their own language (Batubara malay language) with their friends who are from
same region in Medan.
Key words : The Attitudes, University Students of Batubara, Batubara Malay Language
i
ABSTRAK
Izar Julisah, Reg. Nomor 8146 111 028. Sikap Mahasiswa dari Batubara Di
Medan terhadap bahasa melayu Batubara. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris,
Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan sikap mahasiswa dari Batubara terhadap bahasa melayu
Batubara. Data dikumpulkan dari mahasiswa Batubara di Medan. Penelitian menggunakan
desain penelitian kualitatif dengan beberapa nara sumber dengan kebutuhan penelitiannya
untuk mendapatkan pemahaman penelitian . subyek penelitian ini adalah 20 mahasiswa dari
Batubara yang kuliah di Medan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah
lembar observasi, lembar kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Data dari penelitian ini
adalah hasil dari lembar observasi, lembar kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Data dari
lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui sikap berbahasa sedangkan lembar kuesioner
dan wawancara mendalam digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkatan sikap dan faktor yang
mempengaruhi sikap berbahasa mahasiswa dari Batubara di Medan terhadap bahasa melayu
Batubara . Data dianalisis di penelitian ini menggunakan teori Moleong (2007). Temuan
menunjukkan bahwa ada 12 mahasiswa (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 mahasiswa
(40%) memiliki sikap positif. Tingkatan Sikap mahasiswa termasuk dalam negative dan
postitive dalam tingkatan menerima 12 responden (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8
responden memiliki sikap positif, sedangkan dalam menanggapi 10 responden (50%)
memiliki negatif dan 10 responden memiliki sikap positif, mengorganisir 12 responden (60%)
memiliki sikap positif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap negatif dan internalisasi nilainilai 12 responden (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap
positif faktor mempengaruhi sikap negatif dari mahasiswa yaitu ketidaksetiaan berbahasa 12
responden memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap positif, kurang
bangga menggunakan bahasa 14 responden (70%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 7 responden
(30%) memiliki sikap positif dalam ketidaksadaran dari norma-norma 11 responden (55%)
memiliki sikap negatif dan 9 responden (45%) memiliki sikap positif. Analisis data
menunjukkan bahwa Bahasa Indonesia dominan diucapkan oleh mahasiswa dari Batubara di
Medan yang menyebabkan mereka memiliki frekuensi kurang dalam menggunakan bahasa
mereka sendiri (bahasa Melayu Batubara) dengan teman-teman mereka yang berasal dari
daerah yang sama di Medan.
Kata kunci : Sikap Berbahasa, mahasiswa dari Batubara, Melalui Bahasa Melayu Batubara.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and
the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His blessing
in the completion of this Thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who guided us to the better life.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
her by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisors, Prof. Dr Busmin
Gurning ,M.Pd. as her first advisor and Dr. Hj. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd. as her
second advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, her appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Sri Minda Murni,
SS., MS. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who
have assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process
of his studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thank also goes to her reviewers and examiners, Prof.
T. Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D., Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum., and Dr. Rahmad Husein,
M.Ed.. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements
for this thesis. She also would like to express his thankfulness for all lecturers
teaching his during the academic years of LTBI.
iii
Finally, her special gratitude is dedicated to her beloved parents, Ishak
S.Pd and Siti Zahara Ama, Pd who have given their pray, motivation, support, and
also endless praying. And also special thank for her siblings Shaflina Izar S.Pd,
Srilistiana Izar M.Pd and Zulaini Izar and the whole families who always support
her and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express
how much she loves them.
Then her gratitude goes to her future husband Hilman Yazid Harahap
S.Pd who has motivated and supported her to conduct this Thesis. Then, last but
not least, her gratitude goes to her best friends ever of LTBI A3 XXIV and
especially to her close friends Vita and Muslim who have supported her to
conduct this Thesis.
Medan, …………… 2016
The Writer,
Julisah Izar
Reg. No. 8146111028
iv
LIST OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................
LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................
LIST OT TABLE ................................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURE ..............................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDIXES ....................................................................................
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II:
i
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study ..........................................
1
1.2. The Problem of the Study ..........................................
5
1.3. The Objectives of the Study ......................................
5
1.4. The Scope of the Study..............................................
6
1.5. The Significance of the Study ...................................
6
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Attitudes ....................................................................
7
2.1.1. Concept of Attitudes ...............................................
8
2.1.2. Component of Attitudes .........................................
9
2.1.3 Dimesnssion of Attitude ..........................................
11
2.1.4. The Levels of Language Attitude ...........................
14
2.2. Attitude towards Language ......................................
16
2.2.1. Language Attitudes and Its Characteristics .............
16
2.2.2 The factors of that Influence Language Attitude .....
20
2.2.2. Language Attitudes in Domains of Language use ..
23
2.3. Malay as an Ethnic Group (Batubara Malay) ...........
26
2.4. Relevant Studies.........................................................
29
2.5. Conceptual Framework ..............................................
33
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. The Research Design .................................................
36
3.2. Subject and Objects of the Research .........................
37
3.3. The Instrument of Data Collection ............................
37
3.4. The Techniques of Data Collection ...........................
38
3.5. The Technique of Data Analysis ...............................
39
v
3.6. The Trustworthiness of the Study..............................
CHAPTER IV:
39
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1. The Data and Data Analysis ......................................
4.2. Findings.....................................................................
4.3. Discussion .................................................................
42
53
55
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions ...............................................................
5.2. Suggestions ...............................................................
59
59
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................
60
CHAPTER V:
i
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. the factors contribute to language attitude ..............................
26
Table 2 the precentage of positive and negative attitude ........................
44
Table 3 the precentage of receiving levels of language attitude .............
45
Table 4 the precentage of responding levels of language attitude .........
46
Table 5 the precentage of valuing levels of language attitude ...............
47
Table 6 the precentage of organizing levels of language attitude ..........
48
Table 7 the precentage of Internalizing Values levels of language attitude
49
Table 8 the precentage of language disloyalty ........................................
50
Table 9 the precentage of language pride lack ........................................
51
Table 9 The Precentage of Language Unawareness of the Norms .........
52
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The existence of language in human life is very important. However, this is
sometimes not realized by the language users and this may cause civilization changes
by the existence of language itself. Therefore, language users play an important role
to determine the existence of language in their community.
Indonesian country consists of multi – ethnics across many islands, for
instances: Malaynese, Toba Bataknese, Acehnese, Padangnese, Sundanese, Balinese,
etc. Multamia Lauder’s (2012) states that Ethnic language may be extinct in the
absence of successors who use such language, as well as a language lost to 'compete'
with other languages or because they keep a very traditional.
Indonesia is multilingual country and in Indonesia at the moment there are
many local languages about 746 local or indigenous languages of which 442 have
been mapped (Pusat Bahasa, 2009) and Safiadi (2010) states that there are 174 of 746
vernaculars in Indonesia are endangered and 14 of them are lost and it relates to the
attitudes of the language users.
In recent years, ethnic languages are influenced by globalization. The
globalization effects action, awareness and attitudes of ethnic community to the use
of their vernacular, this can be seen in the phenomena of less frequent of using
vernaculars, where they tend to speak Bahasa Indonesia rather than their own
vernacular in daily interaction.
1
2
Yohanes Manhitu (2011) states that there are some consideration of using
ethnics languages those are : as a tool for showing the culture, as the identity of the
nation, part of the Indonesian culture mosaic and world, the bridge between
generation, the language introduction in the school such as local content,
Attitudes towards a particular language might be either positive or negative.
Some the users of language may have negative attitudes towards the second language
and want to learn it in order to preveil over people in the community.
Baker (2001) states that if the language users has negative attitudes towards
the language they will have these characteristics; language is seen as an unimportant
symbol, language users see an important reason for using the second language,
language users see no reason to take active steps to maintain their ethnic language
and people are anxious to get on society where knowledge of second language is a
prerequisite for success and the effect of these the language will shift.
The characteristics above are found by researcher in language users from
Batubara especially the university students in Medan. Batubara Malay language is the
identity of Malaynese in Batubara, they usually speak Batubara Malay language in
their daily conversation. Many of university students from Batubara spread in many
provinces especially in Medan. The purpose is to continue their study in Medan and
many of them take study such as in State university of North Sumatera (USU),
University of Muhammadiah North Sumatera (UMSU) and state Islamic University
of North Sumatera (UIN-SU) from those university the most university students of
Batubara take study in UIN-SU. The university students from Batubara usually tend
to use Bahasa Indonesia with their friends who are from the same region (Batubara),
3
and sometime combine their language between Batubara Malay language and Bahasa
Indonesia. Here are the examples of conversation by university students of Batubara
in Medan that the researcher has observed:
IH
: Tak bekoba kau ya wak masa’ Cuma aku anak IPA yg gak tau.
AZ
: Apa soit sayang ???kan udah ku kasi tau kemaren, kau gag
percaya.
IH
: Apo oo... kau bilang bsok ksh tau kalo dah jadi kato kau
AZ
: Kau kan ku bilang pertama ku ke kalimanatan jadi guru kau gag
percaya .
IH
: Udahlah bgtulah kau. Kau tinggalkan abang adek yaa... hahaha..
nantilah ku telpon ko yo.
(This conversation in the facebook)
In the conversation comment of facebook above Az is one of university
students of Batubara who take study in UMSU while IH is university students of
Btubara who take study in UIN when IH tries to speak by using Batubara malay
language, AZ used Bahasa Indonesia and IH was influenced to use Bahasa Indonesia.
Sometime they combine the language between Bahasa Indonesia and Batubara
Malay language for examples:
A
: Lamo kali kau pulang, Sar?
B
: Iyo tak hadir tadi dosennyo.
A
: Jadi apo lah klen buat di kampus thu?
B
: tak ado becakap-cakap ajolah kak.
A
: itulah kojo klen di sanan thu yo.
4
( This conversation in the Babul I’lmi Operation dormitory Medan)
Based on the examples above, the researcher assumes that Malay Batubara
language should be shifted or included in endangered situation because the university
students of Batubara in Medan itself do not use their vernacular language in the
conversation with their friends who come from Batubara.
This phenomenon proves the statement “different communities have different
kinds of attitudes and aspiration in relation to their language” ( Crystal, 2000, p.93)
and also interesting to observe, because what have happened to the university
students of Batubara attitude is contrast to their ability in using Malay Batubara
language.
Attitudes are mental phenomenon which cannot be examined and cannot be
observed directly. But they are manifested in people’s action or reaction (Baker
1992), People’s attitude towards language can be seen from how they think about the
language, how they use the language, with whom, where and how often they use it.
Language attitude studies will determine that people’s attitude towards language
might be positive or negative (Chalak & Kassaian, 2010).
Therefore, as the researcher described previously that most of the university
students of Batubara in Medan are able to speak Batubara Malay language, but they
do not use it with their friends who come from Batubara especially in Medan. Base
on this phenomenon, the researcher assumes that there must be something influences
the attitude of using another language by the university students of Batubara in
Medan.
5
In line with all description above, the researcher would like to know the
attitude of university students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay
language.
1.2 Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the problems are formulated as
the following:
1. What is the attitude of university students of Batubara in Medan towards
Batubara Malay language?
2. How are the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language?
3. Why do they have such attitudes?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems of the study, the objectives of this research are
formulated as the following.
1. To describe the attitudes of the university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language
2. To describe the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language.
3. To explain the reasons for the attitudes of why the university students of
Batubara in Medan have such attitude towards Batubara Malay language.
6
1.4 Scope of the Study
This study will focus on the attitudes of the university students of Batubara in
Medan toward Batubara Malay language. There will be 20 Batubara Malaynese
university students will be chosen as the subject of research. All the subjects are from
the university students of state Islamic university of north Sumatera (UIN-SU). In
this research, the researcher will focus only to describe the attitude of the university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language.
There are three main aspects will be observed in this study. First, the attitude
of the university students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language.
Second, the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan towards
Batubara Malay language. Third, reason or factors that influence the attitude of
university students of Batubara in Medan to have such attitude.
1.5 Significances of the Study
The findings of the study offer theoretical and practical significances.
Theoretically, It is expected that the findings of the study can give much contribution
and insight to applied linguistics particularly in the language attitude which can be
used as a reference for the similar studies with different focus or object in the future.
Specifically, the findings can add up more horizons to linguistics theories.
Practically, it is expected that the findings will give more information about
the language attitude of the university students of Batubara Medan towards Batubara
Malay language and it is also expected to make the university students of Batubara
who live in Medan will aware towards Batubara Malay language as their identity.
59
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSSIONS AND SUGGESSTIONS
The study concerned on the attitudes of university students of Batubara in
Medan towards Batubara malay language. After deliberatly analyzing the data, the
conslusions are stated as follows:
5.1 Conclusion
1. The university students of Batubara in Medan showed negative attitudes
towards Batubara malay language . There were 12 respondents (60 %) of university
students showed negative attitudes and 8 respondents (40%) university students
showed positive attitudes.
2.
Based on the levels of language attitudes in the levels receiving ,
responding, internalizing values the university students have negative attitudes
towards Batubara Malay language while in the levels valuing the attitude is balanced
between negative and positive attitudes and in the level organizing the university
students of Batubara in Medan have positive attitudes.
3. There are three factors that underline the language attitude of the university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language namely, language
disloyalty, language pride lack and language unawareness of the norm. From those
factors the university students fullfil the three characteristics of language disloyalty,
language pride lack and language unwareness of the norm because they did not
maintain their language.
59
60
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion, the following are suggested:
1. It is suggested to the university students of Batubara to maintain Batuabara Malay
language whenever they stay and do not be shy to use Batubara malay language
especially with their friend who came from Batubara.
2. It is suggested to all university students of Batubara in Medan to take active
follow the Organization of Batubara (PB KEMBAR SUMUT ) so that we can always
use Batubara Malay language especially with Batubara people. And also to local
goverment of Batubara to pay attantion about Batubara malay language and make
some regulation to society of Baubara to use Batubara malay language whenever they
stay.
3. It is also suggested to language researcher to do futher research about language
attitudes.
61
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BATUBARA IN MEDAN TOWARDS BATUBARA
MALAY LANGUAGE
A Thesis
JULISAH IZAR
Registration Number : 8146111028
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTICS STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Izar Julisah, Reg. No. 8146 111 028. The Attitudes of University Students of
Batubara In Medan Towards Batuabara Malay Language. English Applied Linguistics,
Pascasarjana Program. State University of Medan,2016.
This study dealt with the attitudes of university students of Batubara towards Batubara malay
language. The data were collected from the university students of Batubara in Medan . the
study employs qualitative research design with some informants’deals with the need of her
research to get understanding. The subjects of this research were 20 university stdents of
Batubara who take study in Medan . The instruments used for collecting the data were
observation sheet, questionaire sheet and depth interview. The data of this study were the
result of observation sheet, questionaire sheet and depth interview. The data from observation
sheets were used to examine the language attitude while the questionaire sheet and depth
interview were used to examine the attitudes levels and the factors or reasons of university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language. The data were analyzed by
Moleong’s theory. The findings showed that there were 12 respondents (60%) have negative
atitudes and 8 respondents (40%) have positive attitudes. The attitudes levels of university
students included in negative and postive atitude namely in receiving 11 respondents (55%)
have negative attitude and 9 respondents (45%) have positive attitude, responding 12
respondents (60%) have negative attitude and 8 respondents have positive attitude, while in
valuing 10 respondents (50%) have negative and 10 respondents have positive attitude,
organizing 12 respondents (60%) have positve attitudes and 8 respondents (40%) have
negative attitude and in internalizing values 12 respondents (60%) have negative attitude and
8 respondents (40%) have positive attitudes the factors influenced negative attitudes of the
university students were language disloyalty 12 respondents (60%) have negative attitudes
and 8 respondents (40%) have positive attitude, language pride lack 14 respondents (70%)
have negative attitude and 7 respondents (30%) have positive attitude in the unawareness of
the norms 11 respondents (55%) have negative atitude and 9 respondents (45%) have positive
attitude. The analysis of the data indicated that Bahasa Indonesia dominantly spoken by
university students of Batubara in Medan which caused they have the less frequency in using
rather than their own language (Batubara malay language) with their friends who are from
same region in Medan.
Key words : The Attitudes, University Students of Batubara, Batubara Malay Language
i
ABSTRAK
Izar Julisah, Reg. Nomor 8146 111 028. Sikap Mahasiswa dari Batubara Di
Medan terhadap bahasa melayu Batubara. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris,
Program Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan, 2016.
Penelitian ini berkaitan dengan sikap mahasiswa dari Batubara terhadap bahasa melayu
Batubara. Data dikumpulkan dari mahasiswa Batubara di Medan. Penelitian menggunakan
desain penelitian kualitatif dengan beberapa nara sumber dengan kebutuhan penelitiannya
untuk mendapatkan pemahaman penelitian . subyek penelitian ini adalah 20 mahasiswa dari
Batubara yang kuliah di Medan. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah
lembar observasi, lembar kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Data dari penelitian ini
adalah hasil dari lembar observasi, lembar kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Data dari
lembar observasi digunakan untuk mengetahui sikap berbahasa sedangkan lembar kuesioner
dan wawancara mendalam digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkatan sikap dan faktor yang
mempengaruhi sikap berbahasa mahasiswa dari Batubara di Medan terhadap bahasa melayu
Batubara . Data dianalisis di penelitian ini menggunakan teori Moleong (2007). Temuan
menunjukkan bahwa ada 12 mahasiswa (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 mahasiswa
(40%) memiliki sikap positif. Tingkatan Sikap mahasiswa termasuk dalam negative dan
postitive dalam tingkatan menerima 12 responden (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8
responden memiliki sikap positif, sedangkan dalam menanggapi 10 responden (50%)
memiliki negatif dan 10 responden memiliki sikap positif, mengorganisir 12 responden (60%)
memiliki sikap positif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap negatif dan internalisasi nilainilai 12 responden (60%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap
positif faktor mempengaruhi sikap negatif dari mahasiswa yaitu ketidaksetiaan berbahasa 12
responden memiliki sikap negatif dan 8 responden (40%) memiliki sikap positif, kurang
bangga menggunakan bahasa 14 responden (70%) memiliki sikap negatif dan 7 responden
(30%) memiliki sikap positif dalam ketidaksadaran dari norma-norma 11 responden (55%)
memiliki sikap negatif dan 9 responden (45%) memiliki sikap positif. Analisis data
menunjukkan bahwa Bahasa Indonesia dominan diucapkan oleh mahasiswa dari Batubara di
Medan yang menyebabkan mereka memiliki frekuensi kurang dalam menggunakan bahasa
mereka sendiri (bahasa Melayu Batubara) dengan teman-teman mereka yang berasal dari
daerah yang sama di Medan.
Kata kunci : Sikap Berbahasa, mahasiswa dari Batubara, Melalui Bahasa Melayu Batubara.
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of Almighty ALLAH, the most Gracious and
the most Merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank God for His blessing
in the completion of this Thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who guided us to the better life.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge her
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
her by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to her two advisors, Prof. Dr Busmin
Gurning ,M.Pd. as her first advisor and Dr. Hj. Siti Aisyah Ginting, M.Pd. as her
second advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, her appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Dr. Sri Minda Murni,
SS., MS. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program who
have assisted his in processing the administration requirements during the process
of his studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The writer’s great thank also goes to her reviewers and examiners, Prof.
T. Silvana Sinar, M.A.,Ph.D., Dr. Zainuddin, M.Hum., and Dr. Rahmad Husein,
M.Ed.. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and improvements
for this thesis. She also would like to express his thankfulness for all lecturers
teaching his during the academic years of LTBI.
iii
Finally, her special gratitude is dedicated to her beloved parents, Ishak
S.Pd and Siti Zahara Ama, Pd who have given their pray, motivation, support, and
also endless praying. And also special thank for her siblings Shaflina Izar S.Pd,
Srilistiana Izar M.Pd and Zulaini Izar and the whole families who always support
her and no suitable word that can fully describe their everlasting love and express
how much she loves them.
Then her gratitude goes to her future husband Hilman Yazid Harahap
S.Pd who has motivated and supported her to conduct this Thesis. Then, last but
not least, her gratitude goes to her best friends ever of LTBI A3 XXIV and
especially to her close friends Vita and Muslim who have supported her to
conduct this Thesis.
Medan, …………… 2016
The Writer,
Julisah Izar
Reg. No. 8146111028
iv
LIST OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .........................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ....................................................................................
LIST OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................
LIST OT TABLE ................................................................................................
LIST OF FIGURE ..............................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDIXES ....................................................................................
CHAPTER I:
CHAPTER II:
i
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study ..........................................
1
1.2. The Problem of the Study ..........................................
5
1.3. The Objectives of the Study ......................................
5
1.4. The Scope of the Study..............................................
6
1.5. The Significance of the Study ...................................
6
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
2.1. Attitudes ....................................................................
7
2.1.1. Concept of Attitudes ...............................................
8
2.1.2. Component of Attitudes .........................................
9
2.1.3 Dimesnssion of Attitude ..........................................
11
2.1.4. The Levels of Language Attitude ...........................
14
2.2. Attitude towards Language ......................................
16
2.2.1. Language Attitudes and Its Characteristics .............
16
2.2.2 The factors of that Influence Language Attitude .....
20
2.2.2. Language Attitudes in Domains of Language use ..
23
2.3. Malay as an Ethnic Group (Batubara Malay) ...........
26
2.4. Relevant Studies.........................................................
29
2.5. Conceptual Framework ..............................................
33
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. The Research Design .................................................
36
3.2. Subject and Objects of the Research .........................
37
3.3. The Instrument of Data Collection ............................
37
3.4. The Techniques of Data Collection ...........................
38
3.5. The Technique of Data Analysis ...............................
39
v
3.6. The Trustworthiness of the Study..............................
CHAPTER IV:
39
DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
4.1. The Data and Data Analysis ......................................
4.2. Findings.....................................................................
4.3. Discussion .................................................................
42
53
55
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1. Conclusions ...............................................................
5.2. Suggestions ...............................................................
59
59
REFERENCES ....................................................................................................
60
CHAPTER V:
i
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. the factors contribute to language attitude ..............................
26
Table 2 the precentage of positive and negative attitude ........................
44
Table 3 the precentage of receiving levels of language attitude .............
45
Table 4 the precentage of responding levels of language attitude .........
46
Table 5 the precentage of valuing levels of language attitude ...............
47
Table 6 the precentage of organizing levels of language attitude ..........
48
Table 7 the precentage of Internalizing Values levels of language attitude
49
Table 8 the precentage of language disloyalty ........................................
50
Table 9 the precentage of language pride lack ........................................
51
Table 9 The Precentage of Language Unawareness of the Norms .........
52
vii
1
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
The existence of language in human life is very important. However, this is
sometimes not realized by the language users and this may cause civilization changes
by the existence of language itself. Therefore, language users play an important role
to determine the existence of language in their community.
Indonesian country consists of multi – ethnics across many islands, for
instances: Malaynese, Toba Bataknese, Acehnese, Padangnese, Sundanese, Balinese,
etc. Multamia Lauder’s (2012) states that Ethnic language may be extinct in the
absence of successors who use such language, as well as a language lost to 'compete'
with other languages or because they keep a very traditional.
Indonesia is multilingual country and in Indonesia at the moment there are
many local languages about 746 local or indigenous languages of which 442 have
been mapped (Pusat Bahasa, 2009) and Safiadi (2010) states that there are 174 of 746
vernaculars in Indonesia are endangered and 14 of them are lost and it relates to the
attitudes of the language users.
In recent years, ethnic languages are influenced by globalization. The
globalization effects action, awareness and attitudes of ethnic community to the use
of their vernacular, this can be seen in the phenomena of less frequent of using
vernaculars, where they tend to speak Bahasa Indonesia rather than their own
vernacular in daily interaction.
1
2
Yohanes Manhitu (2011) states that there are some consideration of using
ethnics languages those are : as a tool for showing the culture, as the identity of the
nation, part of the Indonesian culture mosaic and world, the bridge between
generation, the language introduction in the school such as local content,
Attitudes towards a particular language might be either positive or negative.
Some the users of language may have negative attitudes towards the second language
and want to learn it in order to preveil over people in the community.
Baker (2001) states that if the language users has negative attitudes towards
the language they will have these characteristics; language is seen as an unimportant
symbol, language users see an important reason for using the second language,
language users see no reason to take active steps to maintain their ethnic language
and people are anxious to get on society where knowledge of second language is a
prerequisite for success and the effect of these the language will shift.
The characteristics above are found by researcher in language users from
Batubara especially the university students in Medan. Batubara Malay language is the
identity of Malaynese in Batubara, they usually speak Batubara Malay language in
their daily conversation. Many of university students from Batubara spread in many
provinces especially in Medan. The purpose is to continue their study in Medan and
many of them take study such as in State university of North Sumatera (USU),
University of Muhammadiah North Sumatera (UMSU) and state Islamic University
of North Sumatera (UIN-SU) from those university the most university students of
Batubara take study in UIN-SU. The university students from Batubara usually tend
to use Bahasa Indonesia with their friends who are from the same region (Batubara),
3
and sometime combine their language between Batubara Malay language and Bahasa
Indonesia. Here are the examples of conversation by university students of Batubara
in Medan that the researcher has observed:
IH
: Tak bekoba kau ya wak masa’ Cuma aku anak IPA yg gak tau.
AZ
: Apa soit sayang ???kan udah ku kasi tau kemaren, kau gag
percaya.
IH
: Apo oo... kau bilang bsok ksh tau kalo dah jadi kato kau
AZ
: Kau kan ku bilang pertama ku ke kalimanatan jadi guru kau gag
percaya .
IH
: Udahlah bgtulah kau. Kau tinggalkan abang adek yaa... hahaha..
nantilah ku telpon ko yo.
(This conversation in the facebook)
In the conversation comment of facebook above Az is one of university
students of Batubara who take study in UMSU while IH is university students of
Btubara who take study in UIN when IH tries to speak by using Batubara malay
language, AZ used Bahasa Indonesia and IH was influenced to use Bahasa Indonesia.
Sometime they combine the language between Bahasa Indonesia and Batubara
Malay language for examples:
A
: Lamo kali kau pulang, Sar?
B
: Iyo tak hadir tadi dosennyo.
A
: Jadi apo lah klen buat di kampus thu?
B
: tak ado becakap-cakap ajolah kak.
A
: itulah kojo klen di sanan thu yo.
4
( This conversation in the Babul I’lmi Operation dormitory Medan)
Based on the examples above, the researcher assumes that Malay Batubara
language should be shifted or included in endangered situation because the university
students of Batubara in Medan itself do not use their vernacular language in the
conversation with their friends who come from Batubara.
This phenomenon proves the statement “different communities have different
kinds of attitudes and aspiration in relation to their language” ( Crystal, 2000, p.93)
and also interesting to observe, because what have happened to the university
students of Batubara attitude is contrast to their ability in using Malay Batubara
language.
Attitudes are mental phenomenon which cannot be examined and cannot be
observed directly. But they are manifested in people’s action or reaction (Baker
1992), People’s attitude towards language can be seen from how they think about the
language, how they use the language, with whom, where and how often they use it.
Language attitude studies will determine that people’s attitude towards language
might be positive or negative (Chalak & Kassaian, 2010).
Therefore, as the researcher described previously that most of the university
students of Batubara in Medan are able to speak Batubara Malay language, but they
do not use it with their friends who come from Batubara especially in Medan. Base
on this phenomenon, the researcher assumes that there must be something influences
the attitude of using another language by the university students of Batubara in
Medan.
5
In line with all description above, the researcher would like to know the
attitude of university students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay
language.
1.2 Problems of the Study
Based on the background of the study above, the problems are formulated as
the following:
1. What is the attitude of university students of Batubara in Medan towards
Batubara Malay language?
2. How are the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language?
3. Why do they have such attitudes?
1.3 Objectives of the Study
In relation to the problems of the study, the objectives of this research are
formulated as the following.
1. To describe the attitudes of the university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language
2. To describe the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan
towards Batubara Malay language.
3. To explain the reasons for the attitudes of why the university students of
Batubara in Medan have such attitude towards Batubara Malay language.
6
1.4 Scope of the Study
This study will focus on the attitudes of the university students of Batubara in
Medan toward Batubara Malay language. There will be 20 Batubara Malaynese
university students will be chosen as the subject of research. All the subjects are from
the university students of state Islamic university of north Sumatera (UIN-SU). In
this research, the researcher will focus only to describe the attitude of the university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language.
There are three main aspects will be observed in this study. First, the attitude
of the university students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language.
Second, the attitudes levels of university students of Batubara in Medan towards
Batubara Malay language. Third, reason or factors that influence the attitude of
university students of Batubara in Medan to have such attitude.
1.5 Significances of the Study
The findings of the study offer theoretical and practical significances.
Theoretically, It is expected that the findings of the study can give much contribution
and insight to applied linguistics particularly in the language attitude which can be
used as a reference for the similar studies with different focus or object in the future.
Specifically, the findings can add up more horizons to linguistics theories.
Practically, it is expected that the findings will give more information about
the language attitude of the university students of Batubara Medan towards Batubara
Malay language and it is also expected to make the university students of Batubara
who live in Medan will aware towards Batubara Malay language as their identity.
59
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSSIONS AND SUGGESSTIONS
The study concerned on the attitudes of university students of Batubara in
Medan towards Batubara malay language. After deliberatly analyzing the data, the
conslusions are stated as follows:
5.1 Conclusion
1. The university students of Batubara in Medan showed negative attitudes
towards Batubara malay language . There were 12 respondents (60 %) of university
students showed negative attitudes and 8 respondents (40%) university students
showed positive attitudes.
2.
Based on the levels of language attitudes in the levels receiving ,
responding, internalizing values the university students have negative attitudes
towards Batubara Malay language while in the levels valuing the attitude is balanced
between negative and positive attitudes and in the level organizing the university
students of Batubara in Medan have positive attitudes.
3. There are three factors that underline the language attitude of the university
students of Batubara in Medan towards Batubara Malay language namely, language
disloyalty, language pride lack and language unawareness of the norm. From those
factors the university students fullfil the three characteristics of language disloyalty,
language pride lack and language unwareness of the norm because they did not
maintain their language.
59
60
5.2 Suggestions
In relation to the conclusion, the following are suggested:
1. It is suggested to the university students of Batubara to maintain Batuabara Malay
language whenever they stay and do not be shy to use Batubara malay language
especially with their friend who came from Batubara.
2. It is suggested to all university students of Batubara in Medan to take active
follow the Organization of Batubara (PB KEMBAR SUMUT ) so that we can always
use Batubara Malay language especially with Batubara people. And also to local
goverment of Batubara to pay attantion about Batubara malay language and make
some regulation to society of Baubara to use Batubara malay language whenever they
stay.
3. It is also suggested to language researcher to do futher research about language
attitudes.
61
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