order to find the equivalent words. It is important thing to do to make sure the message from original author in SL can be delivered and transferred correctly
in the translation using TL. Moreover the equivalence must find especially in the figurative language.
Figurative language is not intended to be interpreted in a literal sense. Appealing to the imagination, figurative language provides new ways of
looking at the world. It always makes use of a comparison between different things. Figurative language compares two things that are different in enough
ways so that their similarities, when pointed out, are interesting, unique andor surprising.
2.7 Figurative Language
There are sixteen forms of figurative language and each category will be presented below. The sixteen forms and their definitions are adapted from
Samuel and Frank 2000 and Frost 2006. 1.
Simile A Simile from the Latin similis, like, is a figure of speech in which an
explicit comparison is made between two things essentially unlike. The comparison is made explicit by the use of some such word or phrase as
like, as, than, similar to, resembles, appears, or seems. Example:
“In his awful anger he was like the storm-driven waves dashing
against the rock”
“His memory is like wax to receive impressions and like marble to retain them”
“His face was like a danger signal in a fog storm” “I move fast like a cheetah on the Serenget”
2. Metaphor
A Metaphor from the Greek metapherein, to carry over or transfer, states that one thing is something else. It is a comparison but it does not use like
or as to make the comparison. Example:
“He is a great pillar upholding the church” “The bed of a river”
“The shoulder of a hill” “The key of a situation”
3. Personification
Personification from the Latin persona, person, and facere, to make is a figure of speech which gives the quality of a person to an animal, an object
or an idea. It is a comparison which the author uses to show something in an entirely new light, to communicate a certain feeling or attitude towards
it and to control the way a reader perceives it. Examples:
“The mountains sing together, the hills rejoice and clap their hands.”
“Earth felt the wound; and Nature from her seat, sighing,
through all her works, gave signs of woe.” “A whistling wind.”
4. Allegory
An Allegory from the Greek allos, other, and agoreuein, to speak, is a poem in the form of a narrative or story that has a second meaning beneath
the surface one. Robert Frost is notable for his use of parable using the description to evoke an idea.
Example: Once a great giant sprang up out of the sea and lived on an island
all by himself. On looking around he discovered a little girl on another small island near by. He thought the little girl could be useful to him in
many ways so he determined to make her subservient to his will. He commanded her, but she refused to obey, then he resorted to very harsh
measures with the little girl, but she still remained obstinate and obdurate. He continued tooppress her until finally she rebelled and became as a thorn
in his side to prick him for his evil attitude towards her; 5.
Synecdoche Synecdoche from the Greek, sun with, and ekdexesthai, to receive, is a
figure of speech mentions a part of something to suggest the whole or vice versa.
Example: “Look at my wheels” look at my car
“The house was built by 40 hands” by 20 people
“The U.S won three gold medals” 6.
Metonymy Metonymy from the Greek meta, change, and onyma, a name is a figure
of speech that uses a concept closely related to the thing actually meant. The substitution makes the analogy more vivid and meaningful. In other
words, we are replacing one word by another word or phrase that has a similar meaning.
Example: He loves the bottle
Gray hairs should be respected. He writes a fine hand.
The pen is mightier than the sword. 7.
Hyperbole Hyperbole from the Greek hyper, beyond, and ballein, to throw, is a
figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect Example:
He was so tall his head touched the clouds. He was as thin as a poker.
He was so light that a breath might have blown him away. 8.
Irony Irony from the Greek eironcia, dissimulation is the use of words that say
something other than what we really mean. Sometimes we use irony to say the opposite of what we mean. For example: when Jack
accidentally dent the fender of another drive r’s car, he may lean out the
window and call, “Nice driving, pal” This statement can be
interpreted as a criticism, not a compliment, on Jack ’s driving, just as Jack
understands that the other driver is not, at the moment, feeling friendly toward me. Another examples of irony are:
Benedict Arnold was an honorable man. A Judas Iscariot never betrays a friend.
You can always depend upon the word of a liar. ”
9. Onomatopoeia
Onomatopoeia is the naming of a thing or action by a vocal imitation of the sound associated with it and the use of words whose sound suggests
the sense. In more simple terms, it is the use of a word to indicate a sound. The figure of speech of a sound should like the word.
Example: The fire crackled and the popcorn popped.
Hiss, rattle, bang, buzz, roar, woof. 10.
Paradox Paradox is a statement or situation containing apparently contradictory or
incompatible elements, but on closer inspection may be true. Example:
“Men work together whether they work together or apart.” “I dwell in a house that vanished.”
“Where ignorance is joy, it is foolishness to be wise.”
11. Symbol
Symbol is the use of words or object to create a special kind of “mental
picture ,” a picture that reminds you of something else. It implies
something vague, unknown, or hidden. For example:
In Tupacthe Shakurs song Me and My Girlfriend, the girlfriend referenced is actually his gun.
The flag of a country is only a piece of colored cloth but it reminds you of your country and many other things about your
country as well. 12.
Imagery Imagery is the use of words to describe something, to create a
“mental picture
” of it. When Matthew Arnold’s speaker says “the sea is calm tonight
” in the poem “Dover Beach,” you create sea in your imagination. Example:
“The trees converged in a velvet meadow.” 13.
Idiom Idiom is the language peculiar to a group of people and has a special
meaning of its own. Example:
“She sings at the top of her lungs.” “His room is in the east wing of the building. “
“Do you need a hand?
14. Assonance
Assonance is a resemblance of sound in words or syllables. Example:
“Thy kingdom come, thy will be done” “Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese.”
“The June moon loomed over the horizon” 15.
Allusion Allusion is a brief figurative or symbolic reference within a literary text to
a familiar or person, place, event or thing outside the text. Allusion is used in hopes of triggering an association to portray a meaning.
Example: No I am not Prince Hamlet. saying that his indecisiveness
has nothing like the tragic dimensions of Hamlets. Catherine is a real Cinderella. works a lot around the house,
cooking and cleaning. He was a Hercules of a man strong, take on anything.
16. Alliteration
Alliteration is a repeated consonant sound occurring at the beginning of the word or within words. Alliteration is used to create melody, establish
mood, call attention to important words, and point out similarities contrasts.
Example:
Sweet smell of success, a dime a dozen, bigger and better, jump for joy. Wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for other to
waken. Five freaky females finding sales at retail.
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD
