Data Gathering Technique Data Analysis Technique

44 activities during the class and presented in the form of narrative description and numerical data. In Research and Information Collecting, the questionnaires were distributed to two English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang and also the students of the Eleventh grade both Food and Clothing Science departments. The data gathered from the Research and Information Collecting would be analyzed in numerical data and narrative description. The data gathered would be presented as follows: In Preliminary Field Testing, the questionnaire was distributed to the English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang and lecturers of English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University. The questionnaire would be in the form of Likert scale which has close-ended and open-ended questions items. Table 1 shows the five degree of agreements on how the participants would answer the questions: Table 1: Degrees of Agreements Degree of agreement Meaning 1 Strongly disagree with the statement 2 Disagree with the statement 3 Undecideddoubt 4 Agree with the statement 5 Strongly agree with the statement The central tendency used and regarded as the proper way to present the data since it shows the whole set of measurement Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh, 1990: 127. The measurement of the average was known as mean, median, and mode. 45 Table 2: The Descriptive Statistics of Participants’ Opinion No. Participant’s Opinion on… Frequency of the Degree of Agreement Central Tendency 1 2 3 4 5 N Mn Mdn Md Note: N : Number of participants Mdn : Median M : Mean Md : Mode According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razvieh 1990: 127-132, mean is the average point that was counted by adding all points and divided by the number of the questions. The median is the middle point of the odd ordered data from the smallest point into the biggest one. The mode is the point that frequently appears in the data. Here is the formulation of mean: X = ∑X N X = the meanaverage point ∑ X = the sum of N = the total number of the participants In the questionnaires distributed to the English teachers of SMK Pius X and the lecturers of English Language Education, the data about teacher’s opinions and comments about the designed materials were presented. The data for the open-ended questions were analyzed in narrative description, and the data interpretation for the PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI 46 central tendencies was based on the mean assessment. The data would be used to improve the designed materials. Since the data from Preliminary Field Testing showed whether or not the designed materials were good and acceptable, the assessment of the mean was needed to interpret the data. The assessment of the mean is classified in the Table 3. Table 3: The Assessment of the Mean 0-1 : The designed materials were poorly designed. 1,1-2 : The designed materials were fairly designed. 2,1-3 : The designed materials were fairly good designed. 3,1-4 : The designed materials were good but need some revisions. 4,1-5 : The designed materials were well designed and acceptable. However, the description of the participants’ educational background was also needed. Thus, the writer also gained the data about the participants’ educational background. Table 4: The Description of the Research Participants Group of Participants No Sex Educational Background Teaching Experiences in years F M S1 S2 S3 1-5 6-10 11-15 16-20 English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang 1. 2. English Language Education lecturers of Sanata Dharma University 1. 2. Total 47

F. Research Procedure

Research procedures presented in this part were adapted from the theoretical framework in Chapter II and five steps of R D method used in this study. The steps are discussed as follows:

1. Research and Information Collecting

In this step, identifying entry behavior was conducted in order to gain the data needed in this study. Therefore, the writer started with asking permission to the headmaster of SMK Pius X Magelang before conducting the research in the vocational school. After asking the permission, the writer continued with conducting the small interview and distributing the questionnaire to the students and the English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang to obtain the data about the students’ characteristics and needs. Besides, a review of related literature was conducted to find out some theories related to the study. Some relevant books, documents, journals, articles, web site and any information about School-based Curriculum were read to broad the writer’s knowledge about the theories applied in this study.

2. Planning

In Planning step, the writer started with stating the goals and listing the topics, specifying the learning objectives, and listing the subject content according to the curriculum applied in the vocational school of this study. Since the materials would be developed based on the School-Based Curriculum, the terms used were Standard Competence and Basic Competence instead of goals, and indicators instead of learning objectives. The data from Research and Information Collecting were used as 48 the basis to define the goals, topics, the indicators, and also select the teaching- learning activities and resources in this study.

3. Development of Preliminary Form of Product

In this step, the materials of the design referred to the School-Based Curriculum and the materials developed using Task-Based Instruction were adapted from many sources which supported the materials to be proper designed set of English listening instructional materials for the Eleventh grade students of SMK Pius X Magelang. The terms applied in the activities and tasks were developed based on the principles of Task-Based Instruction.

4. Preliminary Field Testing

The materials evaluation in this study was conducted in this step to obtain the teachers and lecturers’ feedback, opinions, comments, and suggestions toward the materials designed by the writer. The questionnaire would be distributed to two English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang and the lecturers of English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University.

5. Main Product Revision

Revising the designed materials was required in Main Product Revision step in order to present the better materials. The feedback and comments obtained from the English teachers of SMK Pius X Magelang and the lecturers of English Language Education of Sanata Dharma University would be used to revise the designed materials. The data gathered from the materials evaluation would be analyzed to obtain the central tendency of the participants’ opinions about the designed materials.