2. Review two systems of logical relationship; taxis and logical
semantics which respectively perform to know how two or more adjacent clauses are linked to each other trough relation of
dependency and interdependency and to know the type of meanings that allow adjacent clauses to project or expand on each other.
3. Code these clauses based on its systems; if it is taxis, it should be
coded by two systems; 1,2,3… for parataxis and α, … for hypotazis. Parataxis stands for independent clause while hypotaxis stands for the
dominance of a clause, 4.
Yet if it is logico-semantic relation, it should be coded into five systems; [―] and [‗] indicating projection of locution and idea while
[=], [+], and [x] are codes indicating expansion which respectively function to code elaboration clause, extension clause and
enhancement. 5.
Each system is then classified based on who speaks those clauses. The classification aims to build specified perspective based on two main
characters. 6.
These two systems are analyzed and interpreted to have good understanding on it.
7. After doing these steps, a concrete description of logical meanings are
identified, specified, and understood.
3.3.2 Interpersonal Meaning
The interpersonal meaning is identified using the grammar of interpersonal meaning, MOOD. Mood structure functions to specify the system of Mood and
Modality used or chosen by speaker in a communication. Knowing of it will give us good understanding of interpersonal relationship between participants. The use
of pronouns will also be helpful to see the role of speaker in discourse describing the situation context of the text, ‗Clara‘. In analyzing interpersonal meaning, the
following steps are needed. 1.
A closed reading is done to specify mood, modal, and personal pronoun and personal possessive.
2. Review declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences based on
two main characters. Through this point is specified whether a participant gives information, asks demand, or asks another
participants to do something. Based on these analyses, the roles of participants are identified.
3. Review what modal used by participants. This shows impolite and
impolite utterances are identified. It functions to categorize the statue of the participants.
4. Review personal pronoun and personal possessive analysis to know
who plays the roles in a communication. 5.
These items are then analyzed and interpreted to have good understanding on it
6. After doing these steps, a concrete description of participants and their
roles in that text are identified, specified, and understood.
3.3.3 Textual Meaning
This system referred to the fact that language has mechanisms to make any stretch of spoken or written discourse into a coherent and unified text. It also
makes a living passage different from a random list of sentences. The system of theme involving patterns of foregrounding of certain elements in texts was related
to textual meaning. The following are some steps for textual meaning analysis. 1.
A closed reading is done to the system of theme. 2.
Review each clauses categorized as marked or markedness, topical theme, textual theme and interpersonal theme. Through this
reviewing, what new and old information is identified and what is important or less important each sentence is identified as well.
3. These items are then analyzed and interpreted to have good
understanding on it. 4.
After doing these steps, a concrete description of theme; what is new and old in sentences and what is important or less important and what
is meant by it are identified, specified, and understood. 3.3.4 Register, Context of Situation in Text
Montgomery, et al 2007: 80 proposes how the context affects register. They propose three ways; 1 the medium of communication e.g. whether the
language is spoken or written, 2 the social relationship of participants in the situation which determines the tone, and 3 the purpose for which, or the field
in which, the language is being employed. The medium of the text is the substance from which the text is made, or through which it is transmitted, or in which it is
stored. The tone or tenor of the context relates to the roles that are prescribed for, or adopted by, participants in the communication situation. Difference in the
text will result from whether the relationship between participants are informal of formal, familiar or polite, personal or impersonal therefore the tone of the text can
be indicated through the attitude or position adopted by the writer of speaker towards the reader or listener while field derived from assumption that language
can be used for variety of different purposes such as to convey information, to express feeling, to cajole, to seduce, to pray, to produce aesthetic effects, to
intimidate, and so on. These aspects of context affecting register can be analyzed respectively through the analysis of transitivity, clause complex, theme and mood
such as proposed in subtitles of 3.3.1, 3.3.2 and 3.3.3 which respectively stand for ideational meaning, interpersonal meaning and textual meaning.
The analysis of three register devices field, mode, and tenor as mentioned previously are respectively associated with the realization of ideational
meaning, textual meaning, and interpersonal meaning Eggin, 2009: 111, therefore, the procedures to identified them are the same with what we have in
steps for the analysis of experiential meaning, interpersonal and textual. These three steps furthermore functions to find and investigate the goal of this thesis
namely to know how meaning applied in ‗Clara‘ and how the meaning built by the
author in order to uncover the message, meaning and ideologies ideas and
opinion of Clara.
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
