achieve this goal” Maslow, 1954: 43. According to Maslow, the feeling of affection and elation, yearning for someone that a person loves, and often
intense sexual arousal are included in love. In addition, when these needs are often not fulfilled, and as a result a person may involves manipulative effort to get the
love from the other. Maslow also states in C. George Boeree, In our day-to-day life, we exhibit these needs in our desires to marry, have
a family, be a part of a community, a member of a church, a brother in the fraternity, a part of a gang or a bowling club. It is also a part of what we
look for in a career 2006: 5
It can be seen that these needs of love and belongingness make a person wants to be with another person he loves and feels the affection from them.
d. The Esteem Needs
Maslow underlines , “We strive to achieve self-confidence and mastery of
the environment, and to obtain recognition and appreciation from others” Ewen, 2003: 221-222. Additionally, according to Maslow, when this need is not
fulfilled, a person will feel week, helpless, and worthless.
e. The Need for Self-Actualization
This is the highest needs in the hierarchy of human needs. Maslow emphasizes,
Self- actualization is idiosyncratic, since every person s different… The
individual must do what he, individually, is fitted for. A musician must make music, an artist must paint, a poet must write, if he is to be
ultimately at peace with himself. What a man can be, he must be Ewen, 2003: 222.
This need is only found in older people. The young people are still seeking for education, love, developing the identity, and finding a work.
By giving the overview about those needs, Maslow tries to explain to the reader that the physiological and safety needs are included in the lower needs
which are rigid. On the other hand, the belongingness and love, esteem, and self- actualization needs are included in the higher needs which are not rigid. Maslow
adds, for the part of higher needs, the order can be different for every individual. This hierarchy of basic needs are very important in dealing with the motive.
C. Theoretical Framework
There are two theories that are applied in this study. The aim of using the first theory, theory of character and characterization is to find out the
characterization of one of the female characters in the play, Mrs. Lovett. The characterization of her is seen through the dialogue to other characters, the hidden
narration, the language and the action in the play. To answer the second problem formulation, the theory of basic needs proposed by Maslow is used to see the
motive to hide Lucy’s identity. Several needs will be analyzed, whether those
needs have been fulfilled or not, or being disturbed. After finding those needs that being disturbed or has not been fulfilled, the motive of Mrs. Lovett will be known.
