c. Advantages of Using Picture in Teaching Learning Process
The use of pictures in teaching learning process has many advantages. The researcher categorizes those advantages into three categories which are in
practicality, learning process, and learners ’ attitude toward learning.
Practically, the use of pictures in teaching learning process has many advantages. One of them is that pictures is easy to get and inexpensive.
16
Teachers can find various pictures easily and inexpensively in internet, for instance, or in other media, such as magazine, newspaper, etc. Because of
pictures’ economical advantage, teachers can use them as one of teaching media. Further, the pictures can show more realistic than the subject matter than the
mere verbal media. Then, learners can see learning material discussed clearly. The pictures also can overcome limitations of space and time because not all objects or
events can be brought to class.
17-18
For instance, when teachers will compare size of human and dinosaur, it is impossible to bring a real dinosaur to class. Hence,
the teachers can use dinosaur pictures as teaching aid which can overcome limitations of space and time.
Moreover, the use of pictures in teaching learning process also has some advantages in learning process. Pictures are one of visual media which can
improve learners’ understanding and memorizing. Fathurrohman and Sutikno say that the advantages of the use of pictures are
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: 1. images can improve perception
2. images can improve understanding 3. images can improve learning transfer
4. images can reinforce knowledge 5. images can improve memorizing.
Hence, by the use of pictures in teaching learning process, learners will understand and memorize learning material easily.
16
Sadiman, et. al, op.cit., p. 29
17
Ibid.
18
Basyiruddin Usman, Media Pembelajaran, Jakarta: Ciputat Pers, 2002, p. 48
19
Pupuh Fathurrohman and M. Sobry Sutikno, Strategi Belajar Mengajar, Bandung: PT. Refika Aditama, 2009, p. 16.
The next advantages of the use of pictures are in learners’ attitudes toward
learning. As stated before that the use of pictures in teaching learning process can increase learners’ motivation and interest. A result of study conducted by Klasone
shows that pictures can improve learners’ interest and motivation when learning
preposition of grade 3-4.
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Furher, Celce- Murcia and Hilles state that one of advantages of picture is motivating learners to respond in ways more routine than
other teaching aids, such as text book or a sentence on the board.
21
The statement shows that using text book or a board and chalk for the teachers are common aids
which can make the learners sometimes feel bored. Therefore, by using different aids such as picture will be able to make the learners enthusiastic and motivate
them in teaching learning process. Furthermore, Celce-
Murcia and Hilles also state that “Pictures can be used in various ways to enhance learning and practice, such as work in pairs or group.
They enable students to do activities that encourage them to be more active and courageous in learning grammar by pairing or group working”.
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In summary, good pictures provides some advantages in some aspects. The using of pictures in teaching learning process has some advantages such as in
practicality, learning process , and learners’ attitude toward learning. Therefore,
because of those advantages, teachers can choose pictures as visual aid in teaching learning process.
d. Disadvantages of Using Picture in Teaching Learning Process
Pictures do not only have benefits or advantages, but also they have several disadvantages as one of teaching aids in teaching and learning process. According
to Sadiman, et. al. these disadvantages are
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: 1. images only emphasize the eye- sensory perception
2. images which are too complex is less effective for learning activities
20
Inta Klasone, Using Pictures when Teaching Prepositions in English Lesson in the forms 3-4, Journal of Language and Literature Education, 8, 2013, p. 36
21
Marianne Celce- Murcia and Sharon Hilles, op.cit., p. 73
22
Ibid.
23
Sadiman, et. al, op.cit., p. 31
3. images size are very limited for large group. From all previous statements, it seems that unsuitable pictures or bad pictures
can cause several problems in teaching learning process. Sometimes, the learners do not always know how to read the pictures or what the pictures describe about.
It is caused by the pictures which are too complex to read. Further, the size of pictures is too small to see if the class is big. Hence, to make the usage of pictures
are effective, the teacher should choose simple, clear, and big enough pictures to make the learners understand easily about the material that taught by the teacher.
2. Perception a. Nature of Perception
In defining the perception, the researcher defines it as an interpretation of something as a result of observing and sensing. In general sense, according to
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, perception is an idea, a belief or an image you have as a result of how you see or understand something.
24
Additionally, in psychological term, Mike May on his book Sensation and Perception define
perception as something what you observe and how you interpret it.
25
Further, Santrock also
states that “Perception is the interpretation of what is sensed”.
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For example, the information about physical events that contacts the ears may be
interpreted as musical sounds. Briefly, perception is the process of interpreting information through human’s sense organ system.
b. Factors of Perception
Someone’s perception toward one object is influenced by some factors. Acccording to Bimo Walgito, those factors are the following:
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1. Object are perceived
24
A. S Hornby, op.cit., p.977
25
Mike May, Sensation and Perception, New York: Chelsea House, 2007, p. 1
26
John W. Santrock, Life Span Development, Eight Edition, New York: McGraw- Hill Companies, 2002, p. 145
27
Bimo Walgito, Pengantar Psikologi Umum, Yogyakarta: Andi, 2004, pp. 89-90
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