1. Locutionary Act
“Locutionary act is the act of saying something that is understable and reasonable in language and follows the rules of pronunciation and
grammar ”.
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For example: “I have just made a cup of tea”
Mostly we don‟t just produce well-formed utterances with no purpose.
Another example is when someone says “there is an elephant in
the zoo”, in this case, he is just making a statement that there is an elephant in the zoo without any intention. He does not warn or ask the
hearer to move or shut the gate. From pragmatics perspective, the role of illocutionary act is actually less important in understanding speech act.
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Based on the opinion above, it can be concluded that basically locutionary acts doesn‟t matter about the speech function because of the
meaning contained in the sentence which is uttered. We can say that locutionary act is a speech act that expresses
things as they are. Moreover, locutionary act is a speech act that relatively easy to identify because its identification could be done without the
context of utterances which are discussed in speech event.
33
John I. Saeed, Semantics, UK: Blackwell Publishing Inc.1997, p. 228.
34
I Dewa Putu Wijana, op. cit, p. 18.
2. Illocutionary Act
According to Yule, illocutionary act is performed via the communicative force of utterance.
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For example: “It‟s hot in here”
From example about, it means we want some fresh air.
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The illocutionary act is an utterance which is intended by by the speaker under
hisor her full control. An illocutionary act refers to the type of function the speaker intends to fulfill, or the type of action the speaker intends to
accomplish in the corse of producing an utterance. It is an act accomplished in speaking. Example of illocutionary acts include accusing,
apologizing, blaming, congratulating, giving permission, joking, nagging, naming, promising, ordering, refusing, swearing and thanking.
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According to Bloomer, illocutionary act is the act which is carried out when the speaker makes an utterance. The illocutionary act in its
implementation has a certain communicative purpose. When we say “I’ve
just made some coffee” to make a stetement, an offer, an explanation, or some other communicative purposes, the intention or purpose of an
utterance is generally known as the illocutionary force of the utterance. An utterance can have more than one illocution; it is useful to
introduce the distinction between direct and indirect illocutions. Direct illocution of an utterance is the illocution most directly indicated by a
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Geogre Yule, loc. cit.
36
Jenny Thomas, Meaning and Interaction: An Introduction to Prfagmatics, London: Longman Group Limited, 1995, p. 49.
37
Ibid.
literal reading of the grammatical form and vocabulay of the sentence uttered. While the indirect illocution of an utterance is any further
illocution the utterance may have.
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The direct illocution of “can you pass the river?” is an enquiry
about the hearer‟s ability to pass the river. The indirect illocution is a request that the hearer pass the river.
Based on the explanation above, when a person delivers something, it does not only convey information but the majority of
utterances are expected to get a response in actions. So, the writer can say that illocutionary acts besides giving information about something, also
the implication of the speech which is uttered.
3. Perlocutionary Act
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