Interpersonal Conflicts Darby Shaw’s Conflicts and Their Resolutions

one place to discuss the matter and as the return, Verheek will protect Darby Shaw. Unfortunately, before the meeting happens, Verheek is killed.

4.2.2.5 Against Grantham

Another interpersonal conflict also happens when she is debating with Grantham. In order to hide, Darby and Grantham rent a room in a hotel that no one knows, but someone has found the room where Grantham hides in. In fact, the room should be in secrecy. Only Darby and Grantham know the number of the room and also hotel. She blames him because Grantham tells Smith Keen, his friend, where he is staying. Darby insists that it can raise the danger. “I have no Idea how anyone could find my room,” “Did you tell anyone your room number? He thought for a second. “Only Smith Keen. But he’d never repeat it.” She shook her head slowly. “I distinctly told you not to tell anyone. Didn’t I? I’ve tried to impress upon you how dangerous these people are. I’ve seen what they can do. I know what they’ll do to me if they find me. But no, Gray, it’s all a game to you. Cops and robbers. Hide-and-seek.” “Get a room here. Tomorrow night, if we’re alive. I’ll find you another small hotel p. 311 It is a conflict between Darby and Grantham because Darby wants to trust him but Grantham ruins it and tells the number of the room to Keen. To solve this conflict, Darby uses negotiation process. She negotiates with Grantham about the his room. Since the his room is not safe anymore, she offers Grantham to rent a room in the hotel they are staying now and the next day they will find another hotel. Grantham accepts her suggestion. From the quotation above, I can conclude that although Darby Shaw and Grantham have agreed that they will cooperate to each other, a conflict occurs between them. Despite of the conflict, Darby Shaw is able to resolve the conflict by using negotiation process. She offers him that they will move to the other place and Grantham accepts it 48

CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

In this chapter, the writer presents the result of the analysis in chapter 4. There are two conclusions that can be drawn from the analysis. The first conclusion is the answer of the first problem formulation, and the second conclusion is the answer for the second problem. The writer also gives some suggestions

5.1. Conclusions

The first conclusion that can be drawn is the characterization of Darby Shaw. Darby Shaw is characterized as a good-looking woman. Her appearance always attracts people to see at her. She has beautiful long legs. Darby has dark red hair. Darby Shaw is also characterized as a clever woman. She is able to answer any question her Professor asks her. Even her professor that also her lover admits that Darby Shaw is a bright and intelligent student. She is also very brave. Darby Shaw in this novel also experiences some conflicts, intra-personal conflicts and interpersonal conflicts. Darby Shaw experiences various intra- personal conflicts. The conflicts are on believing in Thomas Callahan’s death, on the car explosion, believing Grantham and in solving the case. Although Darby Shaw experiences many interpersonal conflicts, she can solve them all. She mostly uses negotiation and avoidance method to solve her intra-personal conflict. The first conflict is her conflict about Thomas Callahan’s death. Darby Shaw experiences intra-personal conflict, approach-avoidance conflict and she applies negotiation as her conflict resolution. The second is conflict about the car explosion. She feels that there are some killers chasing her. The feeling brings her an avoidance-avoidance conflict. Darby Shaw resolves this conflict using mediation process by asking Gavin to help her. The third conflict believes in Grantham. The meeting with Grantham brings Darby Shaw an approach- avoidance conflict. She resolves this conflict using negotiation process. She negotiates the conflict with herself. She decides to reveal what is behind Callahan’s death and risk her life for that. The last conflict is about resolving the case. The way Darby Shaw resolves the case has brings her another conflict, a double approach-avoidance conflict. On one side, she has to lie but she will get information. On the other side, she does not need to lie but she will not get any information. Darby Shaw also experiences some interpersonal conflicts. They are conflicts between her and outside powers such as Callahan, the killer, FBI, and Grantham. Darby often argues with Callahan about anything, especially about driving drunk. The inter-personal conflict became becomes tensed because Darby Shaw is unhappy with Callahan’s way of drinking. She does not like that Callahan drink too much and gets drunk. Conflict also happens between Darby and killers. The Brief has made some important men mad and therefore they are trying to get rid of people who know about the Brief. Their first target is, of course, the writer of the Brief, Darby Shaw. In this case the outside power wants her dead. Inter personal conflict against FBI happens because Verheek, a FBI agent, forces her to trust him and wants to meet but Darby Shaw is reluctant in trusting him. She can not trust him because Gavin Verheek is an FBI agent. She is suspicious with Gavin Verheek because Darby Shaw thinks that FBI is involved in the case. Although Darby Shaw experiences many conflicts, she can resolves it all because she is a clever and aggressive woman. In resolving her conflicts, she uses negotiation, avoidance, and also mediation process.

5.2. Suggestions

In this part, there are two points that will be presented. The first point presents the suggestions for the future researchers. The second point states the suggestions for teaching learning activities by using literary works, especially a novel.

5.2.1. Suggestions for Future Researchers

The Pelican Brief is one of John Grisham’s novels, which is very interesting. It portrays life experiences of a young woman. The conflicts and incidents give the reader some messages about personality development, human relationship, and affection. Therefore, after reading the novel, the readers can get beneficial values from it. As this study uses the psychological approach to analyze the external and internal conflicts, future researchers can use another approach to analyze other aspects of the novel. The story of the novel was inspired by the author’s experiences as a lawyer and state legislature. Thus, it is interesting for future researchers to analyze the relation of the writer’s personal life to the story of the novel by using the biographical approach. Another interesting aspect in this novel is about the relationship between Darby and Grantham. Here, the future researchers can analyze their relationship using the psychological approach. Moreover, each of the characters has their own qualities that represent their existence and function in the story. As well as the character of Darby, another interesting character that might be interesting to analyze is Grantham, the reporter. His personality is interesting to analyze.

5.2.2. Suggestions for Teaching English Using Literary Works

A literary work, like a novel, does not only give pleasure and enjoyment to its readers, but also the moral teaching which the novel has. Moreover, it is also a source of knowledge. Therefore, teachers may use it as a material for his teaching learning process. Although the text that is used and students’ responses will be discussed in literary terms, the basic intention is to teach the language. Implementing literature in teaching of English is quite necessary because the students can enrich their vocabulary mastery and language skills: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Literary work, in this case a novel, offers potential benefits of a high order for English as a second or foreign language. It can be used to reach the goal in teaching English that is the language mastery. Furthermore, literature provides a balance of the goals teachers should be aware of. Teachers must not only help to develop individuals’ personal and intellectual potentials, but also their capacity to be more responsible for their own development. John Grisham’s The Pelican Brief provides several interesting topics as the materials to teach English. There are interesting topics to teach speaking. The topics are expressing their ideas, giving opinions, and guessing one’s characteristic. Speaking class has a goal that is giving opinion, to enable to defend their opinions in form of debate activity. For this reason, the teacher divides the students into groups that should stand for and stand against the selected topics. To teach speaking, the teacher can elicit the students’ ideas about the topic that is going to be discussed. The teacher distributes the passage that taken from The Pelican Brief pp. 62-66. The teacher divides them in groups, and guides them in a debate activity. The writer provides the lesson plan and the material to teach speaking using The Pelican Brief in the appendix. The procedures: 1. The teacher distributes the handouts. 2. The teacher asks the students to read the passage from The Pelican Brief pp. 62-66 to the students and asks them to read for 35 minutes. 3. The teacher divides the class into many teams and each group contains four persons. 4. The teacher asks the students to discuss the topic in their group. 5. The teacher asks the chairperson to lead the debate. 6. After several chances of debating, every team concludes their arguments. 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY Abrams, M.H. 1981. A Glossary of Literary Terms, 4th ed. New York: Holt, Rivehart and Winston, Inc. Atkinson, Rita L, et. al. 1983. Introduction to Psychology. San Diego, Hartcourt. Brave Jovanovich Published. Holman, C.H. and William Harmon, 1986. A Handbook to Literature. 5 th ed. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company. Kalish, R.A. 1973. The Psychology of Human Behavior. Third edition. San Francisco: Wordsworth Publishing Company, Inc. Lim, R and J. Corneval. 1990. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. London Houghton Miffin Company. Little, G. 1981. Approach to Literature. Sydney: Science Press. Milligan, I. 1983. The Novel in English. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. Moore, C.W. 1999. The Mediation on Process. Washington: Mount Blank Press. Murphy, M.J. 1972. Understanding Unseen an Introduction: The Macmillan. Perrine, L. 1974. Literature, Structure, Sound and Sens. 2 nd ed. New York: Oxford University. Redman, C. E. 1964. A Second Book of Plays. New York: The Macmillan Company. Rohrberger, M. and Samuel H. Woods Jr. 1971. Reading and Writing About Literature. New York: Random House, Inc. Stanton, R. 1965. Introduction to Fiction. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Inc. Worchel, S. and Joel Cooper. 1979. Understanding Social Psychology. Ontario: The Dorsey Press.