Selecting Teaching Learning Activities and Resources

25 2. Planning After doing research and information collecting, the writer moves to the second step that is planning. In this step, the writer decided the skills, purpose of the designed materials, learning objectives to be achieved, and several topics which are suitable for the learners. Besides, the subject content, teaching learning activities and resources, support services should be determined in this step. These aspects in this step mentioned before are developed based on the information which is obtained in the first step such as stu dents’ characteristic, needs, and difficulties in learning English. These aspects are also the basis to develop the design materials. Based on these aspects have been decide, the writer could develop the materials, handbooks, and create several tasks and learning activities. 3. Development of preliminary form product From the data collected in research and information collecting, the writer could develop the English listening materials for grade eighth students of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta. The English listening materials are developed based on the aspects in the second step such as stating goals, topics, and general purposes, listing learning objectives, determining subject content, and deciding teaching learning activities and support service. The contents of the materials are chosen based on the students’ background knowledge and needs that have been collected using questionnaire in the research and information collecting step. Therefore, the designed are expected to be able to fulfill the eighth grade students’ needs in listening activities and help them improving their listening abilities. 26 4. Preliminary field testing In order to design the English listening materials, the writer also needs an evaluation from the preliminary testers. The evaluation toward design could be a consideration for the writer to improve the English listening materials better. The aim of this step is to obtain comments, opinions, and suggestions toward the English listening materials designed. The designed would be evaluated by an English teacher of SMP Negeri 2 Yogyakarta and two English Language Education Study Program of Sanata Dharma university lecturers. The feedback from the preliminary testers would be collected using questionnaire and interview. After getting the feedback, the writer would know the part of the designed that should be improved. 5. Main Product Revision After getting the comments and feedback from the preliminary testers, the writer would do the final revision on the product. From the preliminary field testing, the writer would know the part of the designed that needs improvement. Preliminary filed testing is the basic for the writer to revise and improve the designed materials. In this study, the writer uses the combination between Borg and Gall’s RD steps and K emp’s instructional design cycle. The figure on the next page is the figure of Research and Development process combined with Kemp’s instructional design which is used in this study.