The Background of the Analysis

xii INTRODUCTION

1.1. The Background of the Analysis

Literature is a term used to describe written and spoken material. It is also used to describe anything from creative writing to more technical or scientific works, but the terms are most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination. One of the creative imaginations of literature is novel, a form of an extended fictional prose narrative that emphasis on the character development. According to Reeve 1785:26 novel is a picture of real and manners and of the time in which it was written. Novel deals with a human character in a social situation, and man as a social being. According to Roberts 1993:20 Character is the persons presented in dramatics of narrative work, who are interpreted by reader as being endowed with the moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say in a dialogue and what they do in the action. Shaw 1972:15 has explained that every novel is an account of life and it involves conflict of the characters. Conflict can be seen clearly in a plot because it is arranged by several united events. Conflict also exists in other elements of prose that is character and motif. By the statement above, it can conclude that conflict is wrapped in story through characters and the way they perform. Longman 1986: 100 defines that conflict is defined as a sharp disagreement or clash e.g. between divergent ideas, interest or people or distress caused by mental struggle resulting incompatible impulses. According to Marcus, Universitas Sumatera Utara xiii Eric C 2000: 366 conflict is incompatibility of ideas, beliefs, roles, needs, desires, and values and so on. Kurt Lewin 1952 developed types of internal conflicts that individuals face; he identified several situations in which we experience mutually irreconcilable alternatives that are use different emotions: Approach-approach conflict: when we want two different things, both of which we like have positive valence, but we should choose one of the things we preferred. Avoidance-avoidance conflict: when we have to choose between two alternatives that we do not like negative valence Approach-avoidance conflict: when one thing has both positive and negative qualities. Linda Seager 2000 divides conflicts into some term which are not so far different from Kurt Lewin theory, they are: - Inner conflict, suggesting that the characters are unsure of themselves, or their action, or even what they want. - Social conflict, deals with conflict between a person and a group pitting a person against a larger system. - Relational conflict, centers on the mutually exclusive goals of the protagonist main character in the story and the antagonist character or force that opposes the protagonist. Universitas Sumatera Utara xiv - Situational conflicts, develop as characters disagree about how to best survive and within each scene, different points of view emerge. Some characters panic, others become leaders, trying to persuade the group to follow them. - Cosmic conflict, a conflict that occurs between a character and a supernatural force. From the definitions, it can be understood that both Lewin and Seger suggest conflict is a situation where choices are not resulting satisfaction. In the word, conflict is a disappointed or unfulfilled desire. Conflict can occur between individuals or between groups of many types and there are so many factors to make conflict and it seems natural because it has become parts of human being life. Thus, conflict is a matter which is result as disappointed senses. Sybil Isabel Dorsett, a young girl who is always gets worst action from he mother since her childhood, such as sexual abuse. Her father gives the whole nursery of Sybil in her mother hands, and he believes that a mother will care her daughter even she is a schizophrenic. The worst abuses made her develop sixteen separated into multiple personality in order to facing her traumatic childhood. With Dr. Wilbur, She’s struggle to unite her separate personality and throw her past to become one, Sybil. Wilbur is a doctor who tries to cures Sybil for years to unite her personality by extended therapy, involving amobarbital and hypnosis interviews, Sybil manifests sixteen personalities. She concludes that multiple personality disorder was not a kind of schizophrenia, as a general state of many doctors and physician. Universitas Sumatera Utara xv This novel is dominantly expressing internal and external conflicts of the main characters that they are having to facing and solve the conflicts that appear.

1.2. The Problem of the Analysis