conventional teaching. Thus, the writer looked whether the use of mind mapping technique affects the students’ ability in writing essay by comparing
the essays which were made by the two classes.
D. The Formulation of the Problem
Based on the limitation of the study, the research is formulated in question as follows:
1. Does the use of mind mapping affect the ability of students in the teaching of writing essay at the Eleventh Grade of SMA Muhammadiyah
25 Setiabudi Pamulang?
E. The Purpose of the Study
The writer pointed out that the purposes of this study as follows: 1. To identify whether the use of mind mapping influenced the student’s
ability in writing essay. 2. To fulfill the requirement in writing Skripsi in order to get Sarjana
Degree as an English student of UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
F. The Significance of the Study
This study is expected to give the information about this topic to the writer’s knowledge, in particular, and for the readers in general.
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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESIS
SUBMISSION
In this chapter, the writer discusses: the essay, the definition of essay, kinds of essay, how to write an essay, the definition of mind mapping, the purpose
of mind mapping, the types of mind mapping, the theoretical framework, the research hypothesis and the previous study.
A. The Library of the Study 1. The Essay
a. The Definition of Essay
An essay first started to be known by the people in 1500 when Montaigne, a France philosopher has written a book which consist of
hisseveral research
observations. His
first book
entitlesEssayistwhichmeansattempts first published in 1580. In his book, Montaigne has written his opinion and perspective with essay form through
simple descriptions.
1
As in the first chapter above, it is explained thatan essaywhich is kind of academic writing is a form of literature; the essay is a
composition of moderate length, usually in prose, which deals in an easy, cursory way with the external conditions of a subject, and in strictness, with
that subject only as it affects the writer.
2
Donald Pharr also stated that the essay is only one form of writing practiced in the academic and business
world. Nevertheless, many students dread the thought of having to write an essay.
However, there are three very good reasons that the instructors hold the ability to write essays in such high regard:
1 Someone who can write solid essays proves that he or she can communicate effectively with educated, adult readers
1
SitiSahara, MahmudahFitriyah, danKusnadi. KeterampilanBerbahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: FTIK Press, 2009, p.119
2
Paul H.Connolly, On Essays A Reader for Writers, New York: Harper Row, Publisher Co., 1981, p. 304
2 Essays provide an unparalleled opportunity for readers to judge someone’s critical-thinking, organizational, and language skills
3 The writer of successful essay has thought through a topic, taken “ownership” of the developed topic, and worked through the stages
of the writing process-thereby creating an essay that can be a source of pride.
3
Based on the definitions above, the writer assumes that an essay is a kind of academic writing which the contents are the results of the writer’s
observation and can be categorized as a form of writing practiced in the academic and business world. Therefore, an essay should be based on the
writer’s opinion about something which heshe taught it is interesting enough to be discussed.
b. Kinds of Essay
According to L.G. Alexander, there are three kinds of essay based on the writing technique: 1 Reflective Essay, 2Argumentative Essay, 3
Literature Essay. 1
Reflective essay is contemplative activities to the main problems which have been decided. This type of essay examined the skill of thinking
and describing. 2
Argumentative Essay for some reasons is the same as abstract essay. All the things of argumentative essay related to arguments.
3 Literature essay is a perception expressing of the writer about literature
universal and general; and also a specific creative thing which describes the uniqueness of the writer itself.
4
c. How to Write an Essay
In a book “Introduction to Academic Writing”, it was stated that an essay has three parts: 1 The Introductory Paragraphs, 2 Body Paragraphs,
3 The Concluding Paragraphs.
5
3
Donald Pharr and Santi V. Buscemi, Writing Today, New York: McGraww Hill Companies, Inc., 2004. p.4
4
Sahara, op.cit., p. 118
