1 Background of the Study

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

This chapter describes the background of the study, reasons for choosing the topic, statement of the problems, objectives of the study, significance of the study, and outline of the study.

1. 1 Background of the Study

Everyone in this world needs communication. They have to communicate with each other to continue their life. Working, studying and all everyone does need communication. Deetz 1994 in Applying Communication Theory for Professional Life states that communication is viewed as simply one activity among many others, such as planning, controlling, and managing. People who want to do everything need to communicate to each other. The have to make both interpersonal and transactional conversation. In order to communicate with each other in their life, they need language as a tool. Language is a medium for communicating their need to continue their life. In communication, we must understand people whom we talk with. People who make a conversation must understand the context and the meaning of the conversation. They have to transfer their ideas and information. In transferring and sharing their idea, people have to master their language first. Deetz 1994 states that “good” communication means different things to different people in different situations. In mastering a language, we need a system. It is called linguistics. It is a systematic study of the structure and development of a language in general or of a particular language. In linguistics, there are some parts which are studied. Those are phonology, morphology, and syntax also called as grammar. Translation and interpreting are very young discipline in academic terms. Therefore, it needs to draw a new theory and finding. Baker 1992:4 states that linguistics is no longer restricts itself to the study of language per se but embraces such sub-disciplines as textlinguistics the study of text as a communicative event rather than as a shapeless string of words and structures and pragmatics the study of language in use rather than language as an abstract system. Because linguistics is a discipline which studies language in its own right and as a tool for generating meanings, it should therefore have a great deal to offer to the budding discipline of translation studies as Baker 1992;3 states When people with different languages make a conversation orally and they do not master each other‟s language they use, they need something as a tool to transfer the information. In avoiding misunderstanding, someone mastering both languages helps rendering the information given. Here, interpreting plays role. Not only rendering the meaning of each word orally, the interpreter also has to deliver the meaning of the whole text. As Nolan 2005:2 states that interpret is to convey understanding. In other words, it explains the meaning of; to conceive the significance of; to translate orally. Interpreting is used to change or transfer what someone said in source language into the target language. Interpreter uses a different language to deliver the meaning which must be equivalent. Generally, interpreting is different with translation. Nolan 2005:2-3 states that the major difference between the two terms is that an interpreter relays on message orally; whereas a translator works with the written word. In interpreting, someone must interpret appropriately. When they misinterpret information, the meaning can be misunderstood. Sometimes errors can happen when the interpreter doesn‟t make equivalent meaning. When they are committed, they can caused problem between the people who have the conversation. There are two basic types of interpreting, consecutive and simultaneous interpreting. Mathewson 2006 states in consecutive interpretation, the interpreter will alternate with the speaker, each of you speaking a few sentences at a time. On the other hand, in simultaneous interpretation, the interpreter will be speaking at the same time as the speaker. When someone interprets the source language into the target language, there are some L1 interferences that can cause non- equivalence meaning. In this paper, I would like to analyze what are non-equivalence at word level, non-equivalence at word level, non-equivalence above word level, and grammatical non-equivalence which occur in consecutive interpreting by 6th semester students of English Department of Semarang State University in academic year 20132014.

1. 2 Reasons for Choosing Topic