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Variables Data Collecting Technique

a. Content validity Content validity was used to analyze the reading test that had been applied to measure the students’ reading comprehension aspects. According to Setiyadi 2006: 23 to fulfill this type of validity this research should be aware of all the indicators of the test items and analyze whether the instrument have represented the material which will be measured. Table 1. Table of Specification No. Skill of Reading Item Numbers Percentage of Items 1. Finding the main idea 1, 6, 11, 18, 21. 20 2. Specific information 4, 8, 14, 17, 23. 20 3. Inference 5, 7, 12, 16, 22. 20 4. Reference 2, 10, 13, 19, 24. 20 5. Vocabulary 3, 9, 15, 20, 25. 20 b. Construct validity Construct validity was about the instrument form. It investigated the research instrument appropriateness to the research object. To achieve the construct validity, the test had been adopted from the students’ hand book based on the curriculum of senior high school. Then, the test was determined according to the material that had been taught to the students.

3.6.2. Reliability

Reliability of the test can be defined as the extent to which a test produces consistent result when administrated under similar conditions Hatch and Farhady, 1982:243. To determine the reliability of the test, this research used split-half method since the formula was simple to use since 1 it avoid troublesome correlations and 2 in addition to the number of item in the test, mean and standard deviation, both of which are normally calculated anyhow as matter of routine Heaton, 1991: 164. To use the split-half method, the items were classified into two parts, odd and even numbered. To measure the coefficient of the reliability between odd and even group reliability of half test, this research was used Pearson Product Moment in following formula: = [ ][ y ] Where: r xy : the correlation coefficient of reliability between odd and even N : the number of students who take part in the test x : the total numbers of odd number items y : the total numbers of even number items x 2 : the square of x y 2 : the square of y ∑ x : the total score of odd number items ∑ y : the total score of even number items Henning, 1987: 60 Then, the Spearman Brown’s Prophecy formula Hatch and Farhady, 1982: 246 was used to know the coefficient correlation of whole items as follows: = 2r 1 + Where: r k : the reliability of the test r xy : the reliability of half test

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