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32 d. Roles of Learners, the roles of the learners in Total Physical Response have
the primary roles of listener and performer. The learners listen attentively and respond physically to commands given by the teacher. The learners are also as
imitators from nonverbal model. e. Roles of Teacher, the teacher roles in Total Physical Response to controls
and monitors the language input the learners receive. The teacher is director of all students’ behaviors. In giving feed back to the learner, the teacher should
also give the example likes parents giving feedback to their children. f. The Materials, material plays an increasing role, however, in later learning
stages. For absolute beginners, lesson may not require the use of materials, since the teacher voice, actions and gestures may be sufficient basis for
classroom activities.
4. Teaching Procedure
Asher in Richard Rodgers 2001: 77 provides a lesson-by lesson account of a course taught according to Total Physical Response principles, which serves as a
source of information on the procedures used in Total Physical Response classroom. The teaching procedures of Total Physical Response are follows:
a. The teacher says the commands as her perform the action.
b. The teacher says the command as both the teacher and the students then perform the action.
c. The teacher says the command but only students perform the action
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33 d.
The teacher tells one student at a time to do commands e. The roles of teacher and student are reversed. Students give commands to
teacher and to other students. f. The teacher and student allow for command expansion or produces new
sentences.
According to Freeman 2001: 116 the instructor issues commands to a few students, then performs the action with them. In the second phase, these same
students demonstrate that they can understand the commands by performing them alone the observer also have opportunity to demonstrate their understanding. The
teacher next recombines elements of the commands to have students develop flexibility in understanding unfamiliar utterances. These commands, which students
perform, are often humorous. After learning responds to some commands, the students learn to read and written them. When students are ready to speak, they
become the ones who issue the commands.
5. The Advantage and Disadvantage of Total Physical Response
Method.
Total Physical Response has some advantages likes: Fun, memorable, and good for kinesthetic learners, no matter the class size, work well with mixed-ability
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34 classes, no requirement for many preparation or materials, effective with young
learners, involves both left and right-brained learning. Likes others method, TPR has its limitation namely: Students feel shy to make
role play, less useful for upper levels, overuse of TPR.
D. Rationale
