Outreach and Communication: How will results be disseminated? To whom? And how often?
25
d. Outreach and Communication: How will results be disseminated? To whom? And how often?
Indonesia has ext ensive learning process on REDDI out reach and communicat ion since 2007, t hrough IFCA st udies and st akehol ders coordinat ion in preparing REDDI archit ect ure prior t o COP-
13, support ed by int ernat ional expert s and st akeholders. St akeholder communicat ion on REDDI has been done at various levels since t hen, f or example, st akeholders consult at ion on REDDI
guideline regulat ion and Nat ional REDD Working Group; awareness raising and t raining f or NGOs, local government and local st akehol ders, in col laborat ion bet ween t he Minist ry of Forest ry, local
government s, NGOs and int ernat ional part ners. There are al so a number of REDDI relat ed out reach act ivit ies organized by various organizat ions which st rive t o build synergy among all
pillars of governance. Learning f rom t hese previous processes, similar approaches and channel s wil l be used f or
communicat ions and disseminat ion of result s including t he use of web-based communicat ion. Furt her improvement will be done t o f ind suit abl e approaches and met hods f or dif f erent
st akehol ders at all level s, including f requency f or disseminat ing result s and relevant inf ormat ion, t aking int o account t he diversit y of capacit ies and availabilit y of resources f or t his
undert aking. e. Stakeholder identification: Who are the targeted potentially affected groups that will be
involved in the consultations? What stakeholder group would be consulted on what component monitoring, REDD strategy, reference scenario, etc. . How are attendees
selected? Please ref er t o Table 3 f or expl anat ion. Basicall y all groups list ed in t he t able 13 wil l be
involved in t he consult at ions, depending on t he component in REDDI archit ect ure t o be consult ed and t he issues t o be addressed. The Readiness plan was designed t o al low f urt her
elaborat ion of act ivit ies even during in it s implement at ion wherever necessary, t hrough st akehol ders consul t at ion. What st akehol der group will be consult ed f or each component is
explained more det ail in each component . The select ion of st akeholders will be based on a set of crit eria including : a t he relevance of t he t opic issue t o be consult ed, b Degree of impact
of t he t opic issue t o a group of st akeholders, and c pot ent ial cont ribut ion of a st akehol der group t o t he success of act ivit ies being consult ed.
Stakeholder analysis: what are the potentially affected interests of various stakeholders? - What role would forest dwellers and indigenous peoples play?
Forest dwel lers and indigenous people, like ot her Indonesian cit izens, have t he same right s and responsibilit ies as Indonesian cit izens according t o nat ional regulat ions. At t he policy level, t he
guidance is clear t hat REDDI must benef it s local communit ies. This guidance need t o be t ranslat ed f urt her especially by local government and rel at ed st akehol ders t o make sure local
communit ies gain benef it s f rom REDDI init iat ives, and t ake part in REDDI act ivit ies according t o t heir capacit ies and responsibilit ies.
Forest dwell ers and indigenous peoples and ot her f orest dependent communit ies will pl ay an enormousl y import ant rol e f or t he success of REDDI in reducing ef f ect ively and sust ainably
def orest at ion and f orest degradat ion rat es. Adequat e involvement of t hose groups in t he implement at ion of programs will be key, but also addressing t heir needs in f ut ure public policies
will be import ant . Relevant t radit ional knowledge and wisdom can be t he basis f or ident if ying what t he best roles
local communit ies at dif f erent bio-geographical regions of Indonesia can pl ay f or REDDI
26
implement at ion t o reduce def orest at ion and f orest degradat ion and providing real benef it s t o t hem at t he same t ime.
Number of st udies have shown t hat indigenous people and l ocal communit y are and woul d be heavily af f ect ed by def orest at ion. Generally speaking t heir livelihood and social lif e will be
negat ively af f ect ed f rom def orest at ion. To get det ail ed dat a on indigenous peopl es and local comunit ies who suf f er f rom def orest at ion or will be af f ect ed by REDD rel at ed act ivit ies, rapid
dat a collect ion will be conduct ed t hrough eit her collect ing secondary dat a f rom t he exist ing st udies and or direct ly f rom f ield observat ions t his will be part of redianess act ivit ies Groups
of f orest dweller t hat are most import ant t o consul t are t hose who live surrounding t he f orest where t he REDD act ivit ies conduct ed. They will be consult ed ient ensively bef ore and during t he
REDD implement at ion. What roles of forest dwellers and indigenous peoples could play in REDD, based on
Regulation PERMENHUT No. P. 30 2009 they can be as REDD implementers, for example, REDD in ‘ Hutan Adat’ for indigenous people and REDD in ‘ Hutan Desa’ or ‘ Hutan
Kemasyarakatan’ for other forest dwellers. In the case these groups do not attached to any of those types of forest use rights, these groups may be involved in monitoring especially
ground-based inventory, securing forest resources where they depend, and other roles based on their capacity and customs. Even the most vulnerable people who do not qulify for
the above two roles to play, there is still responsibility of government and REDD actors to make sure that REDD activities give benefits to forest dwellers and indigenous people
residing in the forest where REDD activities is taking place.
f. When and where will consultations occur? Does this Plan involve consultations outside the capitol or maj or cities, in areas where REDD activities are likely to occur?
As st at ed in t he earlier sect ions, st akeholders consult at ions rel at ed REDDI have been done at various levels nat ional in Jakart a and sub-nat ional in t he capit al of provinces and dist rict s.
Because of resource limit at ion especially f inancial resources, t he consult at ion at t he sub- nat ional levels were f ocused on t he provinces and dist rict s which have expressed t heir int erest
on REDDI and ones wit h high pressure t o f orest areas. For t he purpose of preparing R-Plan implement at ion, depending on t he availabilit y of resources
especially f unding, consult at ions will be expanded t o cover all pot ent ial REDDI areas. Consult at ions and capacit y buil ding at all levels are crucial f or REDD approach Indonesia will
use, which is nat i onal appr oach wi t h sub-nat i onal i mpl ement at i on.
2b. 2. Attach your Plan as Annex 2b: Consultation and Outreach Plan
See Annex 2 and TOR-2B_Out reach plan
27
Component 3. Design the REDD strategy
Det ailed development and f urt her in dept h analysis of Indonesia’ s REDD st rat egy will not need t o st art f rom zero. The IFCA st udies t hat led up t o t he report prepared f or COP 13 plus t he
f indings and recommendat ions of a more recent report
2
will be used as a st art ing point f or f urt her analysis and development of t he R- PLAN .
The key lesson that Indonesia has learned is the importance of treating REDD as an integrated product where all links in the five components of REDDI framework see Figure
3 will need to be in place for effective implementation. Of utmost importance will be the need for the many different actors at the national and sub-national levels, international
partners and financial institutions involved in this process closely to collaborate in the course of implementing REDD related to capacity building including technical assistance and
investment programmes. Table 4. bri ef ly summarizes what have already been ident if ied as st rat egies t hat were
recommended by IFCA f or addressing underlying causes of def orest at ion and degradat ion in various cat egories of f orest landscapes. These recommendat ions were based on a t horough
anal ysis of hist orical experience and lessons l earned pl us t he f indings of a series of REDD relat ed mult i st akehol der workshops carried out bet ween August and November of 2007. During 2008
f urt her discussions were arranged bet ween t he MOF, ot her Minist ries, represent at ives of indigenous people’ s NGO’ s, local communit ies privat e sect or companies, int ernat ional part ners,
and conservat ion communit y represent at ives. Table
4. Summary of IFCA 2007 st udies of recommended st rat egies f or addressing def orest at ion and f orest degradat ion IFCA Consol idat ion Report : Reducing Emissions
f rom Def orest at ion and Forest Degradat ion in Indonesia, MoFor, 2008
Landscape Cat egory Recommended St rat egy Init iat ive
Prot ect ed Areas Conservat ion Forest s and
Prot ect ion Forest s 1.
The development of a revised nat ional conservat ion st rat egy 2.
The development of a prof essional and suf f icient management st ruct ure.
3. The conf irmat ion of boundaries and t he complet ion of t he l egal gazet t al process
Product ion Forest s 1. Review t he product ion f orest f unct ion unit s t o accommodat e changes
in t he areas of f orest veget at ion in support of decent ralized government responsibilit ies, incl uding
•
A review of t he ecological condit ions associat ed wit h each f orest unit t o det ermine it s cont inuing conf ormit y wit h t he
original f unct ion;
•
A review of t he condit ion of open access product ion f orest land;
•
Review opport unit ies t o secure land access among l ocal people and pot ent ial f or collaborat ive land use invol ving HTR proj ect s
2. Reduce t he f low of illegal logs int o t he market , by
•
Enf orcing laws against ill egal l ogging
•
Creat ing alt ernat ive log supply
•
Re-st ruct uring wood product s sect or 3. Review management pract ices in product ion f orest unit s t o opt imize
REDD opport unit ies, by
2
IFCA
Consol idat i on Repor t : Reduci ng Emi ssi ons f r om Def or est at i on and Degr adat i on i n Indonesi a MoFor 2008
28
•
The provision of incent ives t o achieve st ipulat ed out comes of management rat her t han compliance t o prescribed act ions
•
The use of perf ormance bonding
•
The provision of incent ives f or pract ices reducing carbon emissions
•
Support ing adopt ion of account able ‘ sust ainabilit y t arget s’
•
Support ing collaborat ive management arrangement s bet ween f orest concession companies
4 Capit alize on t he opport unit y of t he REDD Market inst rument t o realize planned st rat egic ref orm of t he pulp and paper indust ry t o
achieve a sust ainable f orest plant at ion sect or, by
•
St rengt hening t he crit eria f or approval of new plant at ions in Product ion Forest
•
Increasing t he cost of using MTH and or rest rict it s use f or pulp product ion
•
Regul at ing t he export of wood chips and pulpwood logs
•
Encouraging carbon-posit ive pulp and plant at ion proj ect s by improving due diligence in t he f inancial sect or.
Oil Pal m 1. Consolidat e policy and approval crit eria f or releasing HPK f or oil palm
development s 2. Review spat ial plans t o opt imize degraded lands.
3. Int ensif y product ion per unit of l and. 4. Require zero burning
Peat l and
1.
Regul at e and Rest ore Wat er Tables
2.
Prevent Fire
3.
Build coordinat ion and consist ency across government j urisdict ions and sect ors t o cont rol cross boundary impact s of f ire cont rol of
sources and cont rol of spread.
4.
Regul at e f urt her conversion of peat l ands and revise and enf orce rules f or management of exist ing peat l and plant at ion sit es.
5.
5. Implement land swaps where possible t o ret ain high carbon value f orest and peat s while all ocat ing al t ernat ive l and f or new
plant at ions.
The emergence of t he REDD Programme makes it possible t o pl ace an economic value on t he carbon st ock of Indonesia’ s t ropical f orest s. REDD-relat ed f inancial resources can make it
possible t o f inance programmes t hat will help t o creat e al t ernat ive and sust ainable livelihoods f or many of Indonesia’ s 6 million f orest dependent l ow income f amilies who current ly survive on
uncont rolled harvest ing of f orest s, and expansion of sl ash and burn agricult ure. Est ablishment of an addit ional f ast growing pul p and t imber pl ant at ions on non f orest and non peat lands can
creat e an alt ernat ive source of t imber and reduce pressure on rain f orest s. Plant at ions of pul pwood and oil palm est ablished on non f orest and non peat lands will allow f or a doubl ing in
size of Indonesia’ s pulp and oil palm product ion and t o a maj or increase in export revenues. One of MoFor policies is t o engage low income communit ies and smal l holders as out growers of
pul pwood, t imber and oil palm t hereby cont ribut ing t o rural incomes. 3 a. Assess candidate activities for a REDD Strategy
Furt her elaborat ion of some key st rat egy init iat ives in Tabl e 4 will be carried out in order t o speed up process in designing REDDI st rat egy t hat enable t he implement at ion of REDDI approach
wit h ‘ nat i onal account i ng and sub-nat i onal i mpl ement at i on’ . Comprehensive analyt ical works
29
on driver of def orest at ion and f orest degradat ion t o cover broader aspect s and needs f or nat ional development , inst it ut ional and human resource capacit y building, and st akeholders
coordinat ion will be part of t he design process of REDDI st rat egy. Furt her work will be needed t o analyze opport unit y cost s and cost benef it s of int ervent ions t o bet t er def ine st rat egic
invest ment s and opport unit ies f or REDD in t he nat ional and local cont ext . Provisional dat a
3
derived f rom t he lit erat ure on est imat ed opport unit y cost s of def orest at ion and equival ent breakeven values expressed as net present values NPV, i. e. wit h f ut ure values discount ed t o t he
present under various land use opt ions in Indonesia are present ed in Tabl e 5. These values provide a comparat ive scale of magnit ude of t he cost t o t he count ry of st opping or reducing
def orest at ion
4
. If t he REDD init iat ives generat e int ernat ional carbon credit payment s t hat exceed t hese opport unit y cost s, Indonesia woul d have t he f inancial incent ive t o adopt REDD.
Table 5. A provisional analysis of opport unit y cost s and break even prices f or CO
2
in relat ion t o a range of f orest l and uses
Source : IFCA Consolidat ion Report , MoFor, 2008
Land Use Opport unit y
Cost of Deforestation
ha Forest Type
Soil Type Emissions
t CO2e ha
Break Even Price
of CO2e t
Timber ext ract ion 450
Primary 110
4. 09 Timber plant at ion
1, 073 Degraded
Mineral 184
5. 83 399
Degraded Peat
1018 0. 39
Timber + Timber plant at ion 1, 523
Primary Mineral
661 2. 30
849 Primary
Peat 1385
0. 61 Oil pal m plant at ion
3, 963 Degraded
Mineral 184
21. 54 4, 265
Degraded Peat
1018 4. 19
Timber + Oil palm plant at ion 4, 413
Primary Mineral
661 6. 68
4, 715 Primary
Peat 1385
3. 40 Rubber 36
Degraded Mineral
184 0. 20
Timber + Rubber 486
Primary Mineral
661 0. 74
Rice f all ow 26
Degraded Mineral
184 0. 14
Timber + Rice f allow 476
Primary Mineral
661 0. 72
Cassava 18 Degraded
Mineral 184
0. 10 Timber + Cassava
468 Primary
Mineral 661
0. 71
For f urt her analysis, not only privat e and social opport unit y cost s, but also implement at ion, t ransact ion and inst it ut ional cost s will have t o be considered t o reach a clear pict ure of t he
f oregone cost s and act ual cost s of REDD. St udies on opport unit y cost s will be conduct ed especially t o t he t hree f ollowing areas :
1.
Analisis on social opport unit y cost s of povert y based, communit y based f orest encroachment
3
IFC A C o nso lid a tio n Re p o rt : Re d uc ing Emissio ns fro m De fo re sta tio n a nd De g ra d a tio n in Ind o ne sia Mo Fo r 2008
4
The d a ta p re se nte d in Ta b le 4 a re p ro visio na l a nd d o no t fully re p re se nt the sig nific a nt va ria tio n in e c o no mic re turns fro m la nd use s a nd c a rb o n sto c ks.
30
2. Analysis on privat e and inst it ut ional cost s f or sust ainable f orest management in product ion
f orest s 3.
Analysis on pul p and paper plant at ions and oil palm cost s conduct ed on f orest lands compared t o non-f orest lands