Research Setting Research Participants

40 From the interview, the researcher expected the teacher’s view or opinion about the learning and teaching activity in the classroom experienced by the teacher so far. The restrictive suggestion helped the researcher find out what technique will be appropriate for the students in the classroom. 2. Questionnaire The second instrument used is questionnaire. Questionnaires are printed forms that ask the same questions of all individuals in the sample and for which respondents record their answers in verbal form. Gall, Gall, and Borg, 2007, p. 228. This questionnaire provided two kinds of item, closed form multiple choice and open form essay questions. There were two questionnaires distributed in this research. The first questionnaire was distributed to the students of the conversation class in the beginning of the research, before designing the materials. It aims to find the problems faced by the students in the classroom. The second questionnaire was for the validation from the expert users. It included the help of material design experts from different universities, courses and schools and the English teacher of the conversation class. Those questionnaires were distributed after the designed materials had done. The purpose was to get the best and the most suitable designed materials for the class. By using those instruments, the researcher could reflect and improve the implementation of the technique offered, whether it works to the students or not. 41

E. Data Analysis Technique

After gathering all of the data from the instruments of the research, the researcher then analyzed the data to answer the questions of the research. The data gathered from the research participants were interview and questionnaire results. Those data helped the researcher find the answer of the research questions. 1. Interview From the recorded interview result, the researcher knew deeper about the classroom and students’ condition directly from the teacher of the conversation class. There were shown things that existed in the classroom and the things that needed some improvements. The researcher used the result of the interview as the means to reflect what things needed by the classroom and students in the future. 2. Questionnaire Then, the researcher used the questionnaire result from five material design experts. Those questionaire results were used as the consideration in material validation. The researcher analyzed the result of closed form of the questionnaire into range of mean from respondents ’ response on the closed form question. The mean was gained as follows. ̅ ∑ ̅ : mean : score ∑ : sum n : number of participants