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E. Data Analysis Technique
There are two research problems in this research. Those two research problems were answered by using document analysis. The first thing to do, the
researcher transcribed the word or word group from the lyrics of the song in the standard phonetic transcription. Since the researcher only focused the sounds on
tense vowels and liquids, the words were grouped into three major groups which were words or word groups with tense vowels, words or word groups with
diphthongs, and words and word groups with liquids. The phonetic transcriptions then were inserted in the sounds production table.
The next step was analyzing the process of pronunciation done by the Japanese singer when producing English words containing tense vowels and liquids.
The researcher watched and listened to the word or word groups containing tense vowels and liquids sound produced by the Japanese singer in the live-performance
video. The researcher also asked one colleague who also understands the linguistic to observe the videos. It aimed to confirm the findings of pronunciation process in
the videos. After that, those English words were transcribed in the phonetic transcription as the words are produced by the singer and they were inserted in the
table of variation phonetic transcription. After inserting the phonetic transcription, the researcher found the differences between the standard phonetic transcription and
the variation. From the differences, the researcher described the process of pronunciation of the Japanese singer when producing tense vowels, diphthongs, and
liquids by relating the theories how the process of pronouncing the tense vowels, diphthongs, and liquids are with the pronunciation produced by the Japanese singer.
29 From that analysis, it could be described what made the Japanese singer produce the
sounds of tense vowels, diphthongs, and liquids differently. Then, the strategies of how they made the sounds could be indicated.
F. Research Procedure
In doing the study, the researcher underwent some procedures in formulating the problems, gathering the data and analyzing the data. Since, the researcher used
document analysis, the steps were similar to it. The following is the steps how the research done.
1. Formulating The Problem
This step was started by finding the topic which was going to be used for the research. The researcher had made the topic of phonological analysis of a Japanese
singer in producing the tense vowels and liquids in live-performance music video. From that topic, it raised research problems in form of two questions about the
process of Japanese singer in pronouncing the English words containing tense vowels and liquids and the linguistic strategies used by the Japanese singer when
they are facing those words. Those two questions were answered descriptively.
2. Specifying The Phenomenon
In this step, the researcher had specified the phenomenon by employing the Japanese singer who is L’Arc-en-Ciel as the subject of the research. Since it is about
phonological analysis, it is all about the sound pattern. Therefore, the researcher also specified the sounds which were going to be identified to the tense vowels and
liquids.
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3. Selecting The Media
A document analysis uses many kinds media to be analyzed, such as textbooks, newspapers, web pages, speeches, television programs, advertisements,
videos, musical compositions, or any of a host of other types of documents. In this study, the media to analyze was taken from the live-performance videos from the
Japanese singer when he is singing English songs.
4. Gathering The Data
In this step, the researcher started to find the live-performance videos of L’Arc-en-Ciel . The researcher downloaded the videos from youtube. After that, the
researcher found the song lyrics sung by those singer and transcribed the standard phonetic transcription of the words and word group in the lyrics containing tense
vowels and liquids. The standard phonetic transcriptions were inserted in the basic table which had been made.
5. Analyzing The Data
In analyzing the data, there were some steps which should be undergone by the researcher. The following is the steps in analyzing the data.
a. The first thing to do was listening to the video from YouTube.com. b. Secondly, the researcher found the words containing tense vowels and liquids.
c. Next, the words found were transcribed into phonetic symbols. d. After having written the phonetic transcription, the writer inserted them in the
table of variation of phonetic transcription so that the difference from the standard phonetic transcription could be seen.
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