32
CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY
This research deals with two major problems to be solved as it has been stated in problem formulation. The first is how a set of instructional English speaking
materials for the first semester students of Program Khusus Sarjana Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Institut Pertanian STIPER Yogyakarta is designed. Secondly, what the
designed material will look like. It will cover Research Methodology, Respondents, Research instruments, Data Gathering, Data Analysis and Research Procedures.
A. Research Methodology
This thesis used educational research and development. Borg and Gall 1983: 772 state that educational research and development R D is a process used to
develop and validate educational products. The steps of this process are usually referred to as R D cycle, which consists of studying research findings pertinent to
the product to be developed, developing the product based on these findings, field testing it in the setting where it will be used eventually, and revising it to correct the
deficiencies found in the field-testing stage. As thesis used educational research and development, the writer conducted
pre-design survey for needs analysis research and information collecting, material development, and evaluation on the designed materialsmain product revision post-
design survey.
1. Pre-design Survey
The first survey was primarily used in conducting needs survey to obtain data about the students’ interests, motivation, and needs in learning English. The
survey was done by interviewing the lecturers and some second year students of
33
Program Khusus SPKS who had experiences at oil palm plantation and distributing the questionnaires for the students of the Program Khusus SPKS as a
study program in which the designed materials was applied. The interview was about the program itself, the aims of the program and the needs of the students
according to the lecturers. Next, the writer distributed questionnaires to the students of Program Khusus Institut Pertanian STIPER. It is done in order to
obtain necessary information about the students’ English learning experience, their English mastery so far, their strength and weaknesses, and what kind of
learning will be likely to challenge them.
2. Material Development
From the result of the survey study, the writer would be able to design English instructional speaking materials which are suitable for the learners’ needs
and interests. In developing the materials, the writer also had to consider goals and list the topics and general purposes for teaching each unit. Then, the writer
specified the learning objectives and selected the syllabus type. After that, the subject content was listed. In addition, it was important to select the
teachinglearning activities and instructional resources.
3. Post-design Survey
The last survey research was administered to obtain some evaluations like opinions, comments, and suggestions on the designed materials from the qualified
respondents. In addition, the survey was done in order to know whether the content of the materials had been relevant and reliable to the needs of the
students. Besides, the respondents evaluated the whole materials whether it was
34
already well developed. The survey was conducted by distributing and gathering questionnaires to English lecturers, instructors, and language consultant. The data
gathered from this survey research was used as guidance in revising and improving the design materials.
B. Respondents of the Survey Study
The respondents of the survey research were grouped into two groups based on the purpose of the survey. The first group was the students and the lecturers of
Program Khusus SPKS Institut Pertanian STIPER Yogyakarta The second group consists of lecturers and language consultant of English
Department of Sanata Dharma University, lecturer of Program Khusus SPKS Institut Pertanian STIPER, and English instructors. Their inputs were very useful in the stage
of revising and adjusting the designed materials so that the final version would be much more improved. Table 3.2 below is to describe the respondents who evaluate
the designed materials.
Table 3.2: The Description of the Respondents Blank
Gender Educational
Background Teaching Experiences
year Groups of Respondents
M F
S1 S2
1-5 6-10
10 English Lecturers
English Instructors English Consultant
35
C. Research Instruments
This study employed two types of instruments, namely questionnaires and interview.
1. Questionnaire
In implementing this study, the writer used questionnaires both in pre-design survey and post-design survey. The questionnaire in the pre-design survey used to
obtain the opinions from the respondents about the students’ needs, background, interest and characteristics. The questionnaire was used in the post-design survey to
obtain feedback on the designed set of materials. According to Ary, Jacobs, and Razavieh, there are two types of questionnaires, namely structured and unstructured
questionnaires 1990: 424. The questionnaire in the pre-design survey is classified into the structured
questionnaires in which the respondents, in this case the students of Program Khusus SPKS Institut Pertanian STIPER Yogyakarta, had to answer the questions provided in
the questionnaire only by choosing the best option for them. The questionnaire consisted of questions which revealed the needs of the students including their
interest. To inform, the need analysis was written in Bahasa Indonesia instead of English to avoid misinterpretation which might lead to irrelevant answers.
However, the questionnaire which was used in the post-design survey to attain feedbacks on the designed set of materials was written in English and it was the
combination of both structured and unstructured type of questionnaires. Therefore, the questionnaire consists of two parts. The first part is the evaluation on the designed
materials in which the respondents were supposed to select one from 5 points of
Kategori