Related to the problems being mention above, this study focused only on the types of politeness strategies and the women’s and men’s language expressed by Hillary Clinton, Bernie
Sanders, Martin O’Malley, Holt and Mitchell on debate. Four strategies of politeness such as,
bald on record, positive politeness, negative politeness, and off record were used to limit the analysis of politeness strategies.
1.5 Research Method
The procedures have important and very influential role to the success of a study. There were three components of research methods used in this study. The research methods used in
analyzing the collected data in this study were data source, method and technique of collecting data, and method and technique of analyzing data.
1.5.1 Data source
The data source of this article was taken from the video of the 4
th
Democratic debate on Sunday’s NBCYoutube Democratic primary debate participated by former secretary of state
Hillary Clinton, Senator Bernie Sanders and former Maryland governor Martin O’Malley on 17
th
January in Charleston, S.C. They have to use politeness in this debate to maintain the good image to get support to be the nominee of the Democratic Party and the next president of United
States. The debate was going about two hours, the three Democratic presidential contenders engaged in heated exchanges on health care, gun control, former president Bill Clinton and other
issues. Besides, it has a lot of politeness sense, in terms of lexicon, structure and intonation.
1.5.2 Method and Technique of Collecting Data
The study used qualitative method. The data was collected by watching the video carefully and note taking. The video of the 4
th
Democratic debate on 17
th
January 2016 Sunday’s
NBCYoutube Democratic primary debate was downloaded from website Youtube.com. The downloaded data that consist of utterances spoken by male and female candidates and the host
transcribed into written form. The transcription of the video was read and the utterances uttered by the candidates were signed and categorized into four types of politeness strategies based on
the theory of politeness used on this study. The data of women’s language was taken from the
utterances uttered by Michelle and Clinton and the data of men’s language was taken from the utterances uttered by Sanders, O’Malley, and Holt.
1.5.3 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data
This study use qualitative analysis. The data found on the video of the 4
th
Democratic debate which had been watching and note taking was transcribed and descriptively analyzed
based on the theory applied in this study. The data was selected and analyzed qualitatively by using the descriptive method in which the collected data was presented and explained one by one
clearly and simply based on the theoretical frame work. The theory used on analyzing the data of politeness strategies was the theory of politeness strategies proposed by Brown and Levinson
1987, meanwhi le the women’s and men’s language was analyzed by using the theory proposed
by Lakoff 1975 and Holmes 1992.
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPT, AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
