LINGUISTIC EXPRESSION OF TABOO LANGUAGE IN KEUDE ACEH TRADISIONAL MARKET-EAST ACEH.
LINGUISTIC EXPRESSIONS OF TABOO LANGUAGE
IN KEUDE ACEH’S TRADITIONAL MARKET – EAST ACEH
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
MASKUR
Registration Number: 8146111035
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Linguistic Expression of Taboo Language in Keude Aceh Tradisional MarketEast Aceh. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School,
State University of Medan. 2016
This research dealt with the linguistic expression of Acehnese taboo languages. The objectives of
this study were: (1) to find out the type of taboo language in Acenese society; (2) to describe the
factors of the usage taboo language by Acehnese society; and (3) to describe how male and
female utter the taboo language. The data were obtained from linguistic expression of Acehnese
taboo languages in Keude Aceh traditional market.. This research applied qualitative research
design. The data were collected through observation and questioner by recording the utterances
and distributing questioner sheets and listing the taboo languages found. The findings of this
study have revealed that: 1) the types of taboo language in Acehnese society are insult, profanity,
obscenity and epithet. (2) the factors of the usage taboo language Acehnese society because of
anger, sex, background of occupation, environment and shock. (3) both male and female used
taboo languages where males say taboo language directly but females use taboo language
indirectly.
Keywords: Taboo Language, Types of taboo language, factor the usage of taboo language,
Acehnese culture.
i
ABSTRAK
Ekpresi Linguistik Bahasa Tabu di Pasar tradisional Keude Aceh - Aceh
Timur. Program Study Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah
Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
Tesis ini membahas tentang bahasa tabu masyarakat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)
menemukan jenis-jenis bahasa tabu masyarakat Aceh; (2) menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab
penggunaan bahasa tabu; dan (3) menjelaskan bagaimana laki-laki dan perempuan
menggungkapkan bahasa tabu. Data diperoleh dari ungkapan bahasa tabu orang-orang Aceh di
pasar tradisional Keude Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data
dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik Observasi dan questioner dengan cara merekam
percakapan dan memberikan lembar pertanyaan kemudian meletakkan ungkapan bahasa tabu
yang ditemukan pada sebuah daftar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) tipe-tipe bahasa
tabu di dalam masyrakat aceh berupa insult, profanity, obscenity and epithet (2) faktor
penyebabnya penggunaan bahasa tabu dikarenakan faktor marah, gender, latar belakang
pekerjaan, lingkungan dan terkejut; (3) baik laki-laki maupun perempuan di Aceh menggunakan
kata-kata tabu namun terdapat perbedaan di dalam penggunaan bahasa tabu tersebut dimana lakilaki menggunakan bahasa tabu secara langsung namun perempuan sebaliknya.
Kata Kunci: Bahasa Tabu, jenis-jenis bahasa tabu, faktor penggunaan bahasa tabu,
kebudayaan orang Aceh
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of almighty ALLAH, the most gracious and
the most merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank god for his blessing in
the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who guided us to the better life.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
him by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Prof. Dr. Sumarsih,
M.Pd as his first advisor and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum as his second
advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda
Murni, SS., MS. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program
who have assisted him in processing the administration requirements during the
process of his studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The researcher’s great thank also goes to his reviewers and examiners,
Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., Dr. I Wy Dirgeyasa, M. A., Ph.D., and Dr. Eddy
Setia, M.Ed, TESP. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and
improvements for this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all
lecturers teaching him through during the academic years at LTBI.
iii
Finally, his special gratitude is dedicated to his beloved parents, Rizal and
Suriani who have given their pray, motivation, support, and also endless praying.
And thank you for my wife, Safra Mauna, who always support and had already
become a patient wife during his education.
Then his gratitude goes to his many of best friends who have motivated
and supported him to conduct this thesis. They were Pak Bambang Irawan,
Musliadi, Budi Riska, Haya Haratika, Yoni Rahayu and All LTBI A1 XXIV.
Thank you for your time, intelligent, and your support. I do Love you all.
Medan, …………… 2016
The Writer,
Maskur
Reg. No.8146111035
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABTRACT .....................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................
1.1 The Background of the Study ...........................................
1.2 The Problems of the Study ...............................................
1.3 The Objectives of the Study .............................................
1.4 The Scope of the Study.....................................................
1.5 The Significant of the Study .............................................
i
iii
v
vi
viii
1
1
4
4
4
4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
A. Theoretical Framework .....................................................
2.1 Language and Culture .............................................
2.2 Definition of Taboo .................................................
2.3 Taboo Language ......................................................
2.4 The Type of Taboo Language .................................
2.5 Factor the Use of Taboo Language .........................
2.6 Conversation Analysis .............................................
2.7 Genders Language ...................................................
2.8 Religion and Customs in Aceh ................................
2.9 Acehnese Cultural Prohibitions ...............................
2.10 Linguistic Expression of Taboo Language
in Acehnese Culture ................................................
B. The Previous Relevant Studies ..........................................
C. Conceptual Framework .....................................................
5
5
5
7
8
10
12
16
18
23
25
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY ...........................
3.1 Research Methodology....................................................
3.2 Data and Source of Data .................................................
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection .................................
3.4 The Instrument of Data Collection..................................
3.5 The Technique of Data Analysis .....................................
3.6The Trustworthiness of the Study ....................................
33
33
34
34
35
35
37
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ................................
4.1. The Data and Data Analysis ...........................................
4.2. Findings ..........................................................................
4.3. Discussion ......................................................................
39
39
49
49
v
27
28
30
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 53
5.1. Conclusions .................................................................... 53
5.2. Suggestions..................................................................... 53
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 54
APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 59
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 4.1. Types of Taboo Language Used by Acehnese Society in
Keude Aceh’s Traditional Market.
44
Table 4.2 The frequency of male and female used taboo language in
Keude Aceh Traditional Market
45
Table 4.3 The Educational and Occupational Levels of the Informants.
47
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1
59
Appendix 2
60
viii
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
The study which is concerned with the linguistic expression of taboo language in
Acehnese was aimed at describing the types of taboo language, the factors of the usage taboo
language and how male and female utter the taboo language. Based on the findings, conclusions
are drawn as the following.
(1) The number types of taboo language in Acehnese culture were obscenity, profanity,
insult, and epithet.
(2) The factors of the usage taboo language were because of anger factor, background of
education factor, shock factor, sex factor and environment factor.
(3) The process of males and female using taboo language. The male says taboo language
directly but different in female conversely, meanwhile they use it indirectly. Then we
can see that male uses taboo language to show his power / status, meanwhile female use
metaphors to express their anger.
5.2 Suggestion
The writer has tried his best to conduct this writing; however it is not yet a perfect one.
There are still many other aspects that need to be investigated for further study.
By making this research there are some reductions that can be fulfilled by applying more
experiences so that can be as a basic research by others. Hopefully this study will be useful for
other researchers who are interested in comprehending about taboo language.
53
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IN KEUDE ACEH’S TRADITIONAL MARKET – EAST ACEH
A Thesis
Submitted to the English Applied Linguistics Study Program in
Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Magister Humaniora
By:
MASKUR
Registration Number: 8146111035
ENGLISH APPLIED LINGUISTIC STUDY PROGRAM
POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
MEDAN
2016
ABSTRACT
Linguistic Expression of Taboo Language in Keude Aceh Tradisional MarketEast Aceh. English Applied Linguistics Study Program, Postgraduate School,
State University of Medan. 2016
This research dealt with the linguistic expression of Acehnese taboo languages. The objectives of
this study were: (1) to find out the type of taboo language in Acenese society; (2) to describe the
factors of the usage taboo language by Acehnese society; and (3) to describe how male and
female utter the taboo language. The data were obtained from linguistic expression of Acehnese
taboo languages in Keude Aceh traditional market.. This research applied qualitative research
design. The data were collected through observation and questioner by recording the utterances
and distributing questioner sheets and listing the taboo languages found. The findings of this
study have revealed that: 1) the types of taboo language in Acehnese society are insult, profanity,
obscenity and epithet. (2) the factors of the usage taboo language Acehnese society because of
anger, sex, background of occupation, environment and shock. (3) both male and female used
taboo languages where males say taboo language directly but females use taboo language
indirectly.
Keywords: Taboo Language, Types of taboo language, factor the usage of taboo language,
Acehnese culture.
i
ABSTRAK
Ekpresi Linguistik Bahasa Tabu di Pasar tradisional Keude Aceh - Aceh
Timur. Program Study Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris. Sekolah
Pascasarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan. 2016.
Tesis ini membahas tentang bahasa tabu masyarakat Aceh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1)
menemukan jenis-jenis bahasa tabu masyarakat Aceh; (2) menjelaskan faktor-faktor penyebab
penggunaan bahasa tabu; dan (3) menjelaskan bagaimana laki-laki dan perempuan
menggungkapkan bahasa tabu. Data diperoleh dari ungkapan bahasa tabu orang-orang Aceh di
pasar tradisional Keude Aceh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Data
dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan teknik Observasi dan questioner dengan cara merekam
percakapan dan memberikan lembar pertanyaan kemudian meletakkan ungkapan bahasa tabu
yang ditemukan pada sebuah daftar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) tipe-tipe bahasa
tabu di dalam masyrakat aceh berupa insult, profanity, obscenity and epithet (2) faktor
penyebabnya penggunaan bahasa tabu dikarenakan faktor marah, gender, latar belakang
pekerjaan, lingkungan dan terkejut; (3) baik laki-laki maupun perempuan di Aceh menggunakan
kata-kata tabu namun terdapat perbedaan di dalam penggunaan bahasa tabu tersebut dimana lakilaki menggunakan bahasa tabu secara langsung namun perempuan sebaliknya.
Kata Kunci: Bahasa Tabu, jenis-jenis bahasa tabu, faktor penggunaan bahasa tabu,
kebudayaan orang Aceh
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, in the name of almighty ALLAH, the most gracious and
the most merciful, first of all, the writer would like to thank god for his blessing in
the completion of this thesis. Praises are also addressed to our prophet
Muhammad SAW who guided us to the better life.
In the completion of this Thesis, the writer wishes to acknowledge his
deepest gratitude for all generous guidance and assistance which has been given to
him by a lot of people.
The highest appreciation goes to his two advisors, Prof. Dr. Sumarsih,
M.Pd as his first advisor and Dr. Anni Holila Pulungan, M.Hum as his second
advisor for their all guidance through the completion of this Thesis.
Then, his appreciation also goes to Dr. Rahmad Husein, M.Ed. as the
Head of English Applied Linguistics Study Program and Prof. Dr. Sri Minda
Murni, SS., MS. as the Secretary of English Applied Linguistics Study Program
who have assisted him in processing the administration requirements during the
process of his studies in the postgraduate School of the State University of Medan.
The researcher’s great thank also goes to his reviewers and examiners,
Prof. Dr. Sri Minda Murni, M.S., Dr. I Wy Dirgeyasa, M. A., Ph.D., and Dr. Eddy
Setia, M.Ed, TESP. They had given valuable inputs, suggestions, criticisms, and
improvements for this thesis. He also would like to express his thankfulness for all
lecturers teaching him through during the academic years at LTBI.
iii
Finally, his special gratitude is dedicated to his beloved parents, Rizal and
Suriani who have given their pray, motivation, support, and also endless praying.
And thank you for my wife, Safra Mauna, who always support and had already
become a patient wife during his education.
Then his gratitude goes to his many of best friends who have motivated
and supported him to conduct this thesis. They were Pak Bambang Irawan,
Musliadi, Budi Riska, Haya Haratika, Yoni Rahayu and All LTBI A1 XXIV.
Thank you for your time, intelligent, and your support. I do Love you all.
Medan, …………… 2016
The Writer,
Maskur
Reg. No.8146111035
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
ABTRACT .....................................................................................................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .............................................................................
TABLE OF CONTENTS ...............................................................................
LIST OF TABLES .........................................................................................
LIST OF APPENDICES ...............................................................................
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................
1.1 The Background of the Study ...........................................
1.2 The Problems of the Study ...............................................
1.3 The Objectives of the Study .............................................
1.4 The Scope of the Study.....................................................
1.5 The Significant of the Study .............................................
i
iii
v
vi
viii
1
1
4
4
4
4
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................
A. Theoretical Framework .....................................................
2.1 Language and Culture .............................................
2.2 Definition of Taboo .................................................
2.3 Taboo Language ......................................................
2.4 The Type of Taboo Language .................................
2.5 Factor the Use of Taboo Language .........................
2.6 Conversation Analysis .............................................
2.7 Genders Language ...................................................
2.8 Religion and Customs in Aceh ................................
2.9 Acehnese Cultural Prohibitions ...............................
2.10 Linguistic Expression of Taboo Language
in Acehnese Culture ................................................
B. The Previous Relevant Studies ..........................................
C. Conceptual Framework .....................................................
5
5
5
7
8
10
12
16
18
23
25
CHAPTER III. METHODOLOGY METHODOLOGY ...........................
3.1 Research Methodology....................................................
3.2 Data and Source of Data .................................................
3.3 The Technique of Data Collection .................................
3.4 The Instrument of Data Collection..................................
3.5 The Technique of Data Analysis .....................................
3.6The Trustworthiness of the Study ....................................
33
33
34
34
35
35
37
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ................................
4.1. The Data and Data Analysis ...........................................
4.2. Findings ..........................................................................
4.3. Discussion ......................................................................
39
39
49
49
v
27
28
30
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ........................... 53
5.1. Conclusions .................................................................... 53
5.2. Suggestions..................................................................... 53
REFERENCES ............................................................................................... 54
APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 59
vi
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 4.1. Types of Taboo Language Used by Acehnese Society in
Keude Aceh’s Traditional Market.
44
Table 4.2 The frequency of male and female used taboo language in
Keude Aceh Traditional Market
45
Table 4.3 The Educational and Occupational Levels of the Informants.
47
vii
LIST OF APPENDICES
Page
Appendix 1
59
Appendix 2
60
viii
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
5.1 Conclusion
The study which is concerned with the linguistic expression of taboo language in
Acehnese was aimed at describing the types of taboo language, the factors of the usage taboo
language and how male and female utter the taboo language. Based on the findings, conclusions
are drawn as the following.
(1) The number types of taboo language in Acehnese culture were obscenity, profanity,
insult, and epithet.
(2) The factors of the usage taboo language were because of anger factor, background of
education factor, shock factor, sex factor and environment factor.
(3) The process of males and female using taboo language. The male says taboo language
directly but different in female conversely, meanwhile they use it indirectly. Then we
can see that male uses taboo language to show his power / status, meanwhile female use
metaphors to express their anger.
5.2 Suggestion
The writer has tried his best to conduct this writing; however it is not yet a perfect one.
There are still many other aspects that need to be investigated for further study.
By making this research there are some reductions that can be fulfilled by applying more
experiences so that can be as a basic research by others. Hopefully this study will be useful for
other researchers who are interested in comprehending about taboo language.
53
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